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718 lines
27 KiB
Markdown
# Simple Python Version Management: pyenv
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[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/yyuu/pyenv](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/yyuu/pyenv?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
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pyenv lets you easily switch between multiple versions of Python. It's
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simple, unobtrusive, and follows the UNIX tradition of single-purpose
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tools that do one thing well.
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This project was forked from [rbenv](https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv) and
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[ruby-build](https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build), and modified for Python.
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![Terminal output example](/terminal_output.png)
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### What pyenv _does..._
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* Lets you **change the global Python version** on a per-user basis.
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* Provides support for **per-project Python versions**.
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* Allows you to **override the Python version** with an environment
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variable.
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* Searches for commands from **multiple versions of Python at a time**.
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This may be helpful to test across Python versions with [tox](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/tox).
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### In contrast with pythonbrew and pythonz, pyenv _does not..._
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* **Depend on Python itself.** pyenv was made from pure shell scripts.
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There is no bootstrap problem of Python.
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* **Need to be loaded into your shell.** Instead, pyenv's shim
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approach works by adding a directory to your `PATH`.
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* **Manage virtualenv.** Of course, you can create [virtualenv](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv)
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yourself, or [pyenv-virtualenv](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv)
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to automate the process.
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----
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## Table of Contents
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* **[How It Works](#how-it-works)**
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* [Understanding PATH](#understanding-path)
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* [Understanding Shims](#understanding-shims)
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* [Understanding Python version selection](#understanding-python-version-selection)
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* [Locating Pyenv-provided Python Installations](#locating-pyenv-provided-python-installations)
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* **[Installation](#installation)**
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* [Getting Pyenv](#getting-pyenv)
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* [UNIX/MacOS](#unixmacos)
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* [Homebrew in macOS](#homebrew-in-macos)
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* [Automatic installer](#automatic-installer)
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* [Basic GitHub Checkout](#basic-github-checkout)
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* [Windows](#windows)
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* [Set up your shell environment for Pyenv](#set-up-your-shell-environment-for-pyenv)
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* [Restart your shell](#restart-your-shell)
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* [Install Python build dependencies](#install-python-build-dependencies)
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* **[Usage](#usage)**
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* [Install additional Python versions](#install-additional-python-versions)
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* [Prefix auto-resolution to the latest version](#prefix-auto-resolution-to-the-latest-version)
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* [Python versions with extended support](#python-versions-with-extended-support)
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* [Switch between Python versions](#switch-between-python-versions)
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* [Uninstall Python versions](#uninstall-python-versions)
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* [Other operations](#other-operations)
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* [Upgrading](#upgrading)
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* [Upgrading with Homebrew](#upgrading-with-homebrew)
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* [Upgrading with Installer or Git checkout](#upgrading-with-installer-or-git-checkout)
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* [Uninstalling pyenv](#uninstalling-pyenv)
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* [Pyenv plugins](#pyenv-plugins)
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* [Advanced Configuration](#advanced-configuration)
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* [Using Pyenv without shims](#using-pyenv-without-shims)
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* [Environment variables](#environment-variables)
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* **[Development](#development)**
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* [Contributing](#contributing)
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* [Version History](#version-history)
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* [License](#license)
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----
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## How It Works
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At a high level, pyenv intercepts Python commands using shim
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executables injected into your `PATH`, determines which Python version
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has been specified by your application, and passes your commands along
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to the correct Python installation.
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### Understanding PATH
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When you run a command like `python` or `pip`, your shell (bash / zshrc / ...)
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searches through a list of directories to find an executable file with
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that name. This list of directories lives in an environment variable
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called `PATH`, with each directory in the list separated by a colon:
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/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
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Directories in `PATH` are searched from left to right, so a matching
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executable in a directory at the beginning of the list takes
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precedence over another one at the end. In this example, the
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`/usr/local/bin` directory will be searched first, then `/usr/bin`,
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then `/bin`.
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### Understanding Shims
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pyenv works by inserting a directory of _shims_ at the front of your
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`PATH`:
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$(pyenv root)/shims:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
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Through a process called _rehashing_, pyenv maintains shims in that
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directory to match every Python command across every installed version
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of Python—`python`, `pip`, and so on.
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Shims are lightweight executables that simply pass your command along
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to pyenv. So with pyenv installed, when you run, say, `pip`, your
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operating system will do the following:
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* Search your `PATH` for an executable file named `pip`
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* Find the pyenv shim named `pip` at the beginning of your `PATH`
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* Run the shim named `pip`, which in turn passes the command along to
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pyenv
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### Understanding Python version selection
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When you execute a shim, pyenv determines which Python version to use by
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reading it from the following sources, in this order:
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1. The `PYENV_VERSION` environment variable (if specified). You can use
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the [`pyenv shell`](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/blob/master/COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell) command to set this environment
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variable in your current shell session.
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2. The application-specific `.python-version` file in the current
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directory (if present). You can modify the current directory's
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`.python-version` file with the [`pyenv local`](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/blob/master/COMMANDS.md#pyenv-local)
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command.
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3. The first `.python-version` file found (if any) by searching each parent
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directory, until reaching the root of your filesystem.
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4. The global `$(pyenv root)/version` file. You can modify this file using
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the [`pyenv global`](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/blob/master/COMMANDS.md#pyenv-global) command.
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If the global version file is not present, pyenv assumes you want to use the "system"
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Python (see below).
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A special version name "`system`" means to use whatever Python is found on `PATH`
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after the shims `PATH` entry (in other words, whatever would be run if Pyenv
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shims weren't on `PATH`). Note that Pyenv considers those installations outside
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its control and does not attempt to inspect or distinguish them in any way.
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So e.g. if you are on MacOS and have OS-bundled Python 3.8.9 and Homebrew-installed
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Python 3.9.12 and 3.10.2 -- for Pyenv, this is still a single "`system`" version,
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and whichever of those is first on `PATH` under the executable name you
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specified will be run.
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**NOTE:** You can activate multiple versions at the same time, including multiple
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versions of Python2 or Python3 simultaneously. This allows for parallel usage of
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Python2 and Python3, and is required with tools like `tox`. For example, to instruct
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Pyenv to first use your system Python and Python3 (which are e.g. 2.7.9 and 3.4.2)
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but also have Python 3.3.6, 3.2.1, and 2.5.2 available, you first `pyenv install`
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the missing versions, then set `pyenv global system 3.3.6 3.2.1 2.5.2`.
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Then you'll be able to invoke any of those versions with an appropriate `pythonX` or
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`pythonX.Y` name.
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You can also specify multiple versions in a `.python-version` file by hand,
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separated by newlines. Lines starting with a `#` are ignored.
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[`pyenv which <command>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-which) displays which real executable would be
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run when you invoke `<command>` via a shim.
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E.g. if you have 3.3.6, 3.2.1 and 2.5.2 installed of which 3.3.6 and 2.5.2 are selected
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and your system Python is 3.2.5,
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`pyenv which python2.5` should display `$(pyenv root)/versions/2.5.2/bin/python2.5`,
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`pyenv which python3` -- `$(pyenv root)/versions/3.3.6/bin/python3` and
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`pyenv which python3.2` -- path to your system Python due to the fall-through (see below).
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Shims also fall through to anything further on `PATH` if the corresponding executable is
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not present in any of the selected Python installations.
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This allows you to use any programs installed elsewhere on the system as long as
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they are not shadowed by a selected Python installation.
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### Locating Pyenv-provided Python installations
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Once pyenv has determined which version of Python your application has
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specified, it passes the command along to the corresponding Python
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installation.
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Each Python version is installed into its own directory under
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`$(pyenv root)/versions`.
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For example, you might have these versions installed:
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* `$(pyenv root)/versions/2.7.8/`
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* `$(pyenv root)/versions/3.4.2/`
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* `$(pyenv root)/versions/pypy-2.4.0/`
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As far as Pyenv is concerned, version names are simply directories under
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`$(pyenv root)/versions`.
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----
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## Installation
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### Getting Pyenv
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#### UNIX/MacOS
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##### Homebrew in macOS
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1. Consider installing with [Homebrew](https://brew.sh):
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```sh
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brew update
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brew install pyenv
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```
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If you want to install (and update to) the latest development head of Pyenv
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rather than the latest release, instead run:
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```sh
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brew install pyenv --head
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```
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3. Then follow the rest of the post-installation steps, starting with
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[Set up your shell environment for Pyenv](#set-up-your-shell-environment-for-pyenv).
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4. OPTIONAL. To fix `brew doctor`'s warning _""config" scripts exist outside your system or Homebrew directories"_
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If you're going to build Homebrew formulae from source that link against Python
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like Tkinter or NumPy
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_(This is only generally the case if you are a developer of such a formula,
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or if you have an EOL version of MacOS for which prebuilt bottles are no longer provided
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and you are using such a formula)._
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To avoid them accidentally linking against a Pyenv-provided Python,
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add the following line into your interactive shell's configuration:
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* Bash/Zsh:
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~~~bash
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alias brew='env PATH="${PATH//$(pyenv root)\/shims:/}" brew'
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~~~
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* Fish:
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~~~fish
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alias brew="env PATH=(string replace (pyenv root)/shims '' \"\$PATH\") brew"
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~~~
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##### Automatic installer
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```bash
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curl https://pyenv.run | bash
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```
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For more details visit our other project:
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https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer
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##### Basic GitHub Checkout
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This will get you going with the latest version of Pyenv and make it
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easy to fork and contribute any changes back upstream.
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* **Check out Pyenv where you want it installed.**
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A good place to choose is `$HOME/.pyenv` (but you can install it somewhere else):
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```
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git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
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```
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* Optionally, try to compile a dynamic Bash extension to speed up Pyenv. Don't
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worry if it fails; Pyenv will still work normally:
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```
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cd ~/.pyenv && src/configure && make -C src
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```
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#### Windows
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Pyenv does not officially support Windows and does not work in Windows outside
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the Windows Subsystem for Linux.
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Moreover, even there, the Pythons it installs are not native Windows versions
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but rather Linux versions running in a virtual machine --
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so you won't get Windows-specific functionality.
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If you're in Windows, we recommend using @kirankotari's [`pyenv-win`](https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win) fork --
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which does install native Windows Python versions.
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### Set up your shell environment for Pyenv
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**Upgrade note:** The startup logic and instructions have been updated for simplicity in 2.3.0.
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The previous, more complicated configuration scheme for 2.0.0-2.2.5 still works.
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* Define environment variable `PYENV_ROOT` to point to the path where
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Pyenv will store its data. `$HOME/.pyenv` is the default.
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If you installed Pyenv via Git checkout, we recommend
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to set it to the same location as where you cloned it.
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* Add the `pyenv` executable to your `PATH` if it's not already there
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* run `eval "$(pyenv init -)"` to install `pyenv` into your shell as a shell function, enable shims and autocompletion
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* You may run `eval "$(pyenv init --path)"` instead to just enable shims, without shell integration
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The below setup should work for the vast majority of users for common use cases.
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See [Advanced configuration](#advanced-configuration) for details and more configuration options.
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- For **bash**:
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Stock Bash startup files vary widely between distributions in which of them source
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which, under what circumstances, in what order and what additional configuration they perform.
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As such, the most reliable way to get Pyenv in all environments is to append Pyenv
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configuration commands to both `.bashrc` (for interactive shells)
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and the profile file that Bash would use (for login shells).
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First, add the commands to `~/.bashrc` by running the following in your terminal:
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~~~ bash
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echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bashrc
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echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
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echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
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~~~
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Then, if you have `~/.profile`, `~/.bash_profile` or `~/.bash_login`, add the commands there as well.
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If you have none of these, add them to `~/.profile`.
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* to add to `~/.profile`:
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~~~ bash
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echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.profile
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echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile
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echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.profile
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~~~
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* to add to `~/.bash_profile`:
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~~~ bash
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echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bash_profile
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echo '[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
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echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
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~~~
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- For **Zsh**:
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~~~ zsh
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echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.zshrc
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echo '[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
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echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc
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~~~
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If you wish to get Pyenv in noninteractive login shells as well, also add the commands to `~/.zprofile` or `~/.zlogin`.
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- For **Fish shell**:
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If you have Fish 3.2.0 or newer, execute this interactively:
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~~~ fish
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set -Ux PYENV_ROOT $HOME/.pyenv
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fish_add_path $PYENV_ROOT/bin
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~~~
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Otherwise, execute the snippet below:
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~~~ fish
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set -Ux PYENV_ROOT $HOME/.pyenv
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set -U fish_user_paths $PYENV_ROOT/bin $fish_user_paths
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~~~
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Now, add this to `~/.config/fish/config.fish`:
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~~~ fish
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pyenv init - | source
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~~~
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**Bash warning**: There are some systems where the `BASH_ENV` variable is configured
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to point to `.bashrc`. On such systems, you should almost certainly put the
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`eval "$(pyenv init -)"` line into `.bash_profile`, and **not** into `.bashrc`. Otherwise, you
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may observe strange behaviour, such as `pyenv` getting into an infinite loop.
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See [#264](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/issues/264) for details.
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**Proxy note**: If you use a proxy, export `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`, too.
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In MacOS, you might also want to install [Fig](https://fig.io/) which
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provides alternative shell completions for many command line tools with an
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IDE-like popup interface in the terminal window.
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(Note that their completions are independent from Pyenv's codebase
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so they might be slightly out of sync for bleeding-edge interface changes.)
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### Restart your shell
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for the `PATH` changes to take effect.
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```sh
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exec "$SHELL"
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```
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### Install Python build dependencies
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[**Install Python build dependencies**](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki#suggested-build-environment)
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before attempting to install a new Python version.
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You can now begin using Pyenv.
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----
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## Usage
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### Install additional Python versions
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To install additional Python versions, use [`pyenv install`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-install).
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For example, to download and install Python 3.10.4, run:
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```sh
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pyenv install 3.10.4
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```
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Running `pyenv install -l` gives the list of all available versions.
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**NOTE:** Most Pyenv-provided Python releases are source releases and are built
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from source as part of installation (that's why you need Python build dependencies preinstalled).
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You can pass options to Python's `configure` and compiler flags to customize the build,
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see [_Special environment variables_ in Python-Build's README](plugins/python-build/README.md#special-environment-variables)
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for details.
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**NOTE:** If you are having trouble installing a Python version,
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please visit the wiki page about
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[Common Build Problems](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems).
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**NOTE:** If you want to use proxy for download, please set the `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`
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environment variables.
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**NOTE:** If you'd like a faster interpreter at the cost of longer build times,
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see [_Building for maximum performance_ in Python-Build's README](plugins/python-build/README.md#building-for-maximum-performance).
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#### Prefix auto-resolution to the latest version
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All Pyenv subcommands except `uninstall` automatically resolve full prefixes to the latest version in the corresponding version line.
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`pyenv install` picks the latest known version, while other subcommands pick the latest installed version.
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E.g. to install and then switch to the latest 3.10 release:
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```sh
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pyenv install 3.10
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pyenv global 3.10
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```
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You can run [`pyenv latest -k <prefix>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-latest) to see how `pyenv install` would resolve a specific prefix, or [`pyenv latest <prefix>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-latest) to see how other subcommands would resolve it.
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See the [`pyenv latest` documentation](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-latest) for details.
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#### Python versions with extended support
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For the following Python releases, Pyenv applies user-provided patches that add support for some newer environments.
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Though we don't actively maintain those patches, since existing releases never change,
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it's safe to assume that they will continue working until there are further incompatible changes
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in a later version of those environments.
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* *3.7.8-3.7.15, 3.8.4-3.8.12, 3.9.0-3.9.7* : XCode 13.3
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* *3.5.10, 3.6.15* : MacOS 11+ and XCode 13.3
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* *2.7.18* : MacOS 10.15+ and Apple Silicon
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### Switch between Python versions
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To select a Pyenv-installed Python as the version to use, run one
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of the following commands:
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* [`pyenv shell <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell) -- select just for current shell session
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* [`pyenv local <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-local) -- automatically select whenever you are in the current directory (or its subdirectories)
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* [`pyenv global <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell) -- select globally for your user account
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E.g. to select the above-mentioned newly-installed Python 3.10.4 as your preferred version to use:
|
|
|
|
~~~bash
|
|
pyenv global 3.10.4
|
|
~~~
|
|
|
|
Now whenever you invoke `python`, `pip` etc., an executable from the Pyenv-provided
|
|
3.10.4 installation will be run instead of the system Python.
|
|
|
|
Using "`system`" as a version name would reset the selection to your system-provided Python.
|
|
|
|
See [Understanding shims](#understanding-shims) and
|
|
[Understanding Python version selection](#understanding-python-version-selection)
|
|
for more details on how the selection works and more information on its usage.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Uninstall Python versions
|
|
|
|
As time goes on, you will accumulate Python versions in your
|
|
`$(pyenv root)/versions` directory.
|
|
|
|
To remove old Python versions, use [`pyenv uninstall <versions>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-uninstall).
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, you can simply `rm -rf` the directory of the version you want
|
|
to remove. You can find the directory of a particular Python version
|
|
with the `pyenv prefix` command, e.g. `pyenv prefix 2.6.8`.
|
|
Note however that plugins may run additional operations on uninstall
|
|
which you would need to do by hand as well. E.g. Pyenv-Virtualenv also
|
|
removes any virtual environments linked to the version being uninstalled.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Other operations
|
|
|
|
Run `pyenv commands` to get a list of all available subcommands.
|
|
Run a subcommand with `--help` to get help on it, or see the [Commands Reference](COMMANDS.md).
|
|
|
|
Note that Pyenv plugins that you install may add their own subcommands.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Upgrading
|
|
|
|
### Upgrading with Homebrew
|
|
|
|
If you've installed Pyenv using Homebrew, upgrade using:
|
|
```sh
|
|
brew upgrade pyenv
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To switch from a release to the latest development head of Pyenv, use:
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
brew uninstall pyenv
|
|
brew install pyenv --head
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
then you can upgrade it with `brew upgrade pyenv` as usual.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Upgrading with Installer or Git checkout
|
|
|
|
If you've installed Pyenv with Pyenv-installer, you likely have the
|
|
[Pyenv-Update](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-update) plugin that would
|
|
upgrade Pyenv and all installed plugins:
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
pyenv update
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you've installed Pyenv using Pyenv-installer or Git checkout, you can also
|
|
upgrade your installation at any time using Git.
|
|
|
|
To upgrade to the latest development version of pyenv, use `git pull`:
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
cd $(pyenv root)
|
|
git pull
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To upgrade to a specific release of Pyenv, check out the corresponding tag:
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
cd $(pyenv root)
|
|
git fetch
|
|
git tag
|
|
git checkout v0.1.0
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Uninstalling pyenv
|
|
|
|
The simplicity of pyenv makes it easy to temporarily disable it, or
|
|
uninstall from the system.
|
|
|
|
1. To **disable** Pyenv managing your Python versions, simply remove the
|
|
`pyenv init` invocations from your shell startup configuration. This will
|
|
remove Pyenv shims directory from `PATH`, and future invocations like
|
|
`python` will execute the system Python version, as it was before Pyenv.
|
|
|
|
`pyenv` will still be accessible on the command line, but your Python
|
|
apps won't be affected by version switching.
|
|
|
|
2. To completely **uninstall** Pyenv, remove _all_ Pyenv configuration lines
|
|
from your shell startup configuration, and then remove
|
|
its root directory. This will **delete all Python versions** that were
|
|
installed under the `` $(pyenv root)/versions/ `` directory:
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
rm -rf $(pyenv root)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
If you've installed Pyenv using a package manager, as a final step,
|
|
perform the Pyenv package removal. For instance, for Homebrew:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
brew uninstall pyenv
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Pyenv plugins
|
|
|
|
Pyenv provides a simple way to extend and customize its functionality with plugins --
|
|
as simple as creating a plugin directory and dropping a shell script on a certain subpath of it
|
|
with whatever extra logic you need to be run at certain moments.
|
|
|
|
The main idea is that most things that you can put under `$PYENV_ROOT/<whatever>` you can also put
|
|
under `$PYENV_ROOT/plugins/your_plugin_name/<whatever>`.
|
|
|
|
See [_Plugins_ on the wiki](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Plugins) on how to install and use plugins
|
|
as well as a catalog of some useful existing plugins for common needs.
|
|
|
|
See [_Authoring plugins_ on the wiki](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Authoring-plugins) on writing your own plugins.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Advanced Configuration
|
|
|
|
Skip this section unless you must know what every line in your shell
|
|
profile is doing.
|
|
|
|
Also see the [Environment variables](#environment-variables) section
|
|
for the environment variables that control Pyenv's behavior.
|
|
|
|
`pyenv init` is the only command that crosses the line of loading
|
|
extra commands into your shell. Coming from RVM, some of you might be
|
|
opposed to this idea. Here's what `eval "$(pyenv init -)"` actually does:
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. **Sets up the shims path.** This is what allows Pyenv to intercept
|
|
and redirect invocations of `python`, `pip` etc. transparently.
|
|
It prepends `$(pyenv root)/shims` to your `$PATH`.
|
|
It also deletes any other instances of `$(pyenv root)/shims` on `PATH`
|
|
which allows to invoke `eval "$(pyenv init -)"` multiple times without
|
|
getting duplicate `PATH` entries.
|
|
|
|
2. **Installs autocompletion.** This is entirely optional but pretty
|
|
useful. Sourcing `$(pyenv root)/completions/pyenv.bash` will set that
|
|
up. There are also completions for Zsh and Fish.
|
|
|
|
3. **Rehashes shims.** From time to time you'll need to rebuild your
|
|
shim files. Doing this on init makes sure everything is up to
|
|
date. You can always run `pyenv rehash` manually.
|
|
|
|
4. **Installs `pyenv` into the current shell as a shell function.**
|
|
This bit is also optional, but allows
|
|
pyenv and plugins to change variables in your current shell.
|
|
This is required for some commands like `pyenv shell` to work.
|
|
The sh dispatcher doesn't do
|
|
anything crazy like override `cd` or hack your shell prompt, but if
|
|
for some reason you need `pyenv` to be a real script rather than a
|
|
shell function, you can safely skip it.
|
|
|
|
`eval "$(pyenv init --path)"` only does items 1 and 3.
|
|
|
|
To see exactly what happens under the hood for yourself, run `pyenv init -`
|
|
or `pyenv init --path`.
|
|
|
|
`eval "$(pyenv init -)"` is supposed to run at any interactive shell's
|
|
startup (including nested shells -- e.g. those invoked from editors)
|
|
so that you get completion and convenience shell functions.
|
|
|
|
`eval "$(pyenv init --path)"` can be used instead of `eval "$(pyenv init -)"`
|
|
to just enable shims, without shell integration. It can also be used to bump shims
|
|
to the front of `PATH` after some other logic has prepended stuff to `PATH`
|
|
that may shadow Pyenv's shims.
|
|
|
|
* In particular, in Debian-based distributions, the stock `~/.profile`
|
|
prepends per-user `bin` directories to `PATH` after having sourced `~/.bashrc`.
|
|
This necessitates appending a `pyenv init` call to `~/.profile` as well as `~/.bashrc`
|
|
in these distributions because the system's Pip places executables for
|
|
modules installed by a non-root user into those per-user `bin` directories.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Using Pyenv without shims
|
|
|
|
If you don't want to use `pyenv init` and shims, you can still benefit
|
|
from pyenv's ability to install Python versions for you. Just run
|
|
`pyenv install` and you will find versions installed in
|
|
`$(pyenv root)/versions`.
|
|
|
|
You can manually execute or symlink them as required,
|
|
or you can use [`pyenv exec <command>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-exec)
|
|
whenever you want `<command>` to be affected by Pyenv's version selection
|
|
as currently configured.
|
|
|
|
`pyenv exec` works by prepending `$(pyenv root)/versions/<selected version>/bin`
|
|
to `PATH` in the `<command>`'s environment, the same as what e.g. RVM does.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Environment variables
|
|
|
|
You can affect how Pyenv operates with the following environment variables:
|
|
|
|
name | default | description
|
|
-----|---------|------------
|
|
`PYENV_VERSION` | | Specifies the Python version to be used.<br>Also see [`pyenv shell`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell)
|
|
`PYENV_ROOT` | `~/.pyenv` | Defines the directory under which Python versions and shims reside.<br>Also see [`pyenv root`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-root)
|
|
`PYENV_DEBUG` | | Outputs debug information.<br>Also as: `pyenv --debug <subcommand>`
|
|
`PYENV_HOOK_PATH` | [_see wiki_][hooks] | Colon-separated list of paths searched for pyenv hooks.
|
|
`PYENV_DIR` | `$PWD` | Directory to start searching for `.python-version` files.
|
|
|
|
See also [_Special environment variables_ in Python-Build's README](plugins/python-build/README.md#special-environment-variables)
|
|
for environment variables that can be used to customize the build.
|
|
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
## Development
|
|
|
|
The pyenv source code is [hosted on
|
|
GitHub](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv). It's clean, modular,
|
|
and easy to understand, even if you're not a shell hacker.
|
|
|
|
Tests are executed using [Bats](https://github.com/bats-core/bats-core):
|
|
|
|
bats test
|
|
bats/test/<file>.bats
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Contributing
|
|
|
|
Feel free to submit pull requests and file bugs on the [issue
|
|
tracker](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/issues).
|
|
|
|
See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for more details on submitting changes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Version History
|
|
|
|
See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md).
|
|
|
|
|
|
### License
|
|
|
|
[The MIT License](LICENSE)
|
|
|
|
|
|
[pyenv-virtualenv]: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv#readme
|
|
[hooks]: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Authoring-plugins#pyenv-hooks
|