hugo/docs/content/overview/quickstart.md

lastmod	date	linktitle	menu	next	prev	title	weight
2016-02-22	2013-07-01	Quickstart	main parent getting started	/overview/installing	/overview/introduction	Hugo Quickstart Guide	10

Building a bookshelf

In this quickstart, we will build an online bookshelf that will list books and their reviews.

Note: This quickstart depends on features introduced in Hugo v0.15. If you have an earlier version of Hugo, you will need to upgrade before proceeding.

{{% youtube w7Ft2ymGmfc %}}

Step 1. Install Hugo

Go to Hugo Releases and download the appropriate version for your OS and architecture.

Save the main executable as hugo (or hugo.exe on Windows) somewhere in your PATH as we will be using it in the next step.

More complete instructions are available at [Installing Hugo]({{< relref "overview/installing.md" >}})

Once hugo is installed, make sure to run the help command to verify hugo installation. Below you can see part of the help command output for brevity.

$ hugo help

hugo is the main command, used to build your Hugo site.

Hugo is a Fast and Flexible Static Site Generator
built with love by spf13 and friends in Go.

Complete documentation is available at http://gohugo.io/.

You can check hugo version using the command shown below.

$ hugo version

Hugo Static Site Generator v0.15 BuildDate: 2015-11-26T11:59:00+05:30

Step 2. Scaffold bookshelf hugo site

Hugo has commands that allows us to quickly scaffold a Hugo managed website. Navigate to a convenient location on your filesystem and create a new Hugo site bookshelf by executing the following command.

$ hugo new site bookshelf

Change directory to bookshelf and you will see the following directory layout.

$ tree -a

.
|-- archetypes
|-- config.toml
|-- content
|-- data
|-- layouts
`-- static

5 directories, 1 file

As mentioned in the command output, bookshelf directory has 5 sub-directories and 1 file. Let's look at each of them one by one.

• archetypes: You can create new content files in Hugo using the hugo new command. When you run that command, it adds few configuration properties to the post like date and title. [Archetype]({{< relref "content/archetypes.md" >}}) allows you to define your own configuration properties that will be added to the post front matter whenever hugo new command is used.

• config.toml: Every website should have a configuration file at the root. By default, the configuration file uses TOML format but you can also use YAML or JSON formats as well. TOML is minimal configuration file format that's easy to read due to obvious semantics. The configuration settings mentioned in the config.toml are applied to the full site. These configuration settings include baseurl and title of the website.

• content: This is where you will store content of the website. Inside content, you will create sub-directories for different sections. Let's suppose your website has three actions -- blog, article, and tutorial then you will have three different directories for each of them inside the content directory. The name of the section i.e. blog, article, or tutorial will be used by Hugo to apply a specific layout applicable to that section.

• data: This directory is used to store configuration files that can be used by Hugo when generating your website. You can write these files in YAML, JSON,or TOML format.

• layouts: The content inside this directory is used to specify how your content will be converted into the static website.

• static: This directory is used to store all the static content that your website will need like images, CSS, JavaScript or other static content.

Step 3. Add content

Let's now add a post to our bookshelf. We will use the hugo new command to add a post. In January, I read Good To Great book so we will start with creating a post for it. Make sure you are inside the bookshelf directory.

$ hugo new post/good-to-great.md

/Users/shekhargulati/bookshelf/content/post/good-to-great.md created

The above command will create a new directory post inside the content directory and create good-to-great.md file inside it.

$ tree -a content

content
`-- post
    `-- good-to-great.md

1 directory, 1 file

The content inside the good-to-great.md looks like as shown below.

+++
date = "2016-02-14T16:11:58+05:30"
draft = true
title = "good to great"

+++

The content inside +++ is the TOML configuration for the post. This configuration is called front matter. It enables you to define post configuration along with its content. By default, each post will have three configuration properties shown above.

• date specifies the date and time at which post was created.
• draft specifies that post is not ready for publication yet so it will not be in the generated site.
• title specifies title for the post.

Let's add a small review for Good to Great book.

+++
date = "2016-02-14T16:11:58+05:30"
draft = true
title = "Good to Great Book Review"

+++

I read **Good to Great in January 2016**. An awesome read sharing detailed analysis on how good companies became great.

Step 4. Serve content

Hugo has an inbuilt server that can serve your website content so that you can preview it. You can also use the inbuilt Hugo server in production. To serve content, execute the following command.

$ hugo server

0 of 1 draft rendered
0 future content
0 pages created
0 paginator pages created
0 tags created
0 categories created
in 9 ms
Watching for changes in /Users/shekhargulati/bookshelf/{data,content,layouts,static}
Serving pages from memory
Web Server is available at http://localhost:1313/ (bind address 127.0.0.1)
Press Ctrl+C to stop

This will start the server on port 1313. You can view your blog at http://localhost:1313/. When you will go to the link, you will see nothing. There are couple of reasons for that:

1. As you can see in the hugo server command output, Hugo didn't rendered the draft. Hugo will only render drafts if you pass buildDrafts flag to the hugo server command.
2. We have not specified how Markdown content should be rendered. We have to specify a theme that Hugo can use. We will do that in next step.

To render drafts, re-run the server with command shown below.

$ hugo server --buildDrafts

1 of 1 draft rendered
0 future content
1 pages created
0 paginator pages created
0 tags created
0 categories created
in 6 ms
Watching for changes in /Users/shekhargulati/bookshelf/{data,content,layouts,static}
Serving pages from memory
Web Server is available at http://localhost:1313/ (bind address 127.0.0.1)
Press Ctrl+C to stop

If you go to http://localhost:1313/, you will still not view anything as we have not specified theme that Hugo should use.

Step 5. Add theme

Themes provide the layout and templates that will be used by Hugo to render your website. There are a lot of Open-source themes available at https://themes.gohugo.io/ that you can use.

Hugo currently doesn’t ship with a default theme, allowing the user to pick whichever theme best suits their project.

Themes should be added in the themes directory inside the website root. Create new directory themes and change directory to it.

$ mkdir themes && cd themes

Now, you can clone one or more themes inside the themes directory. We will use robust theme.

$ git clone git@github.com:dim0627/hugo_theme_robust.git

Start the server again

$ hugo server --theme=hugo_theme_robust --buildDrafts

1 of 1 draft rendered
0 future content
1 pages created
2 paginator pages created
0 tags created
0 categories created
in 10 ms
Watching for changes in /Users/shekhargulati/bookshelf/{data,content,layouts,static,themes}
Serving pages from memory
Web Server is available at http://localhost:1313/ (bind address 127.0.0.1)
Press Ctrl+C to stop

** If Hugo doesn't find a specific theme in the themes directory, it will throw an exception as shown below.**

FATAL: 2016/02/14 Unable to find theme Directory: /Users/shekhargulati/bookshelf/themes/robust

To view your website, you can go to http://localhost:1313/. You will see as shown below.

Let's understand the layout of the theme. A theme consists of following:

• theme.toml is the theme configuration file that gives information about the theme like name and description of theme, author details, theme license.

• images directory contains two images -- screenshot.png and tn.png. screenshot.png is the image of the list view and tn.png is the single post view.

• layouts directory contains different views for different content types. Every content type should have two files single.html and list.html. single.html is used for rendering single piece of content. list.html is used to view a list of content items. For example, you will use list.html to view all the posts with programming tag.

• static directory stores all the static assets used by the template. Static assets could be JavaScript libraries like jQuery or CSS styles or images or any other static content. This directory will be copied into the final site when rendered.

Step 6. Use multiple themes

You can very easy test different layouts by switching between different themes. Let's suppose we want to try out bleak theme. We clone bleak theme inside the themes directory.

$ git clone git@github.com:Zenithar/hugo-theme-bleak.git

Restart the server using hugo-theme-bleak as shown below.

$ hugo server --theme=hugo-theme-bleak --buildDrafts

Now, website will use bleak theme and will be rendered differently as shown below.

Step 7. Update config.toml and live reloading in action

Restart the server with robust theme as we will use it in this quickstart.

$ hugo server --theme=hugo_theme_robust --buildDrafts

The website uses the dummy values specified in the config.toml. Let's update the configuration.

baseurl = "http://replace-this-with-your-hugo-site.com/"
languageCode = "en-us"
title = "Shekhar Gulati Book Reviews"

[Params]
  Author = "Shekhar Gulati"

Hugo has inbuilt support for live reloading. So, as soon as you save your changes it will apply the change and reload the web page. You will see changes as shown below.

The same is reflected in the Hugo server logs as well. As soon as the configuration is changed, it applied the changes.

Config file changed: /Users/shekhargulati/bookshelf/config.toml
1 of 1 draft rendered
0 future content
1 pages created
2 paginator pages created
0 tags created
0 categories created
in 11 ms

Step 8. Customize robust theme

Robust theme is a good start towards our online bookshelf but we to customize it a bit to meet the look and feel required for the bookshelf. Hugo makes it very easy to customize themes. You can also create your themes but we will not do that today. If you want to create your own theme, then you should refer to the [Hugo documentation]({{< relref "themes/creation.md" >}}).

The first change that we have to make is to use a different default image instead of the one used in the theme. The default image used in both the list and single view page resides inside the themes/hugo_theme_robust/static/images/default.jpg. We can easily replace it by creating a simple directory structure inside the static directory inside the bookshelf directory.

Create images directory inside the static directory and copy an image with name default.jpg inside it. We will use the default image shown below.

Hugo will sync the changes and reload the website to use new image as shown below.

Now, we need to change the layout of the index page so that only images are shown instead of the text. The index.html inside the layouts directory of the theme refer to partial li that renders the list view shown below.

<article class="li">
  <a href="{{ .Permalink }}" class="clearfix">
    <div class="image" style="background-image: url({{ $.Site.BaseURL }}images/{{ with .Params.image }}{{ . }}{{ else }}default.jpg{{ end }});"></div>
    <div class="detail">
      <time>{{ with .Site.Params.DateForm }}{{ $.Date.Format . }}{{ else }}{{ $.Date.Format "Mon, Jan 2, 2006" }}{{ end }}</time>
      <h2 class="title">{{ .Title }}</h2>
      <div class="summary">{{ .Summary }}</div>
    </div>
  </a>
</article>

Create a new file li.html inside the bookshelf/layouts/_default directory. Copy the content shown below into the li.html. We have removed details of the book so that only image is shown.

<article class="li">
  <a href="{{ .Permalink }}" class="clearfix">
    <div class="image" style="background-image: url({{ $.Site.BaseURL }}images/{{ with .Params.image }}{{ . }}{{ else }}default.jpg{{ end }});"></div>
  </a>
</article>

Now, the website will be rendered as shown below.

Next, we want to remove information related to theme from the footer. So, create a new file inside the partials/default_foot.html with the content copied from the theme partials/default_foot.html. Replace the footer section with the one shown below.

<footer class="site">
  <p>{{ with .Site.Copyright | safeHTML }}{{ . }}{{ else }}&copy; {{ $.Site.LastChange.Year }} {{ if isset $.Site.Params "Author" }}{{ $.Site.Params.Author }}{{ else }}{{ .Site.Title }}{{ end }}{{ end }}</p>
  <p>Powered by <a href="http://gohugo.io" target="_blank">Hugo</a>,</p>
</footer>

We also have to remove the sidebar on the right. Copy the index.html from the themes layout directory to the bookshelf layouts directory. Remove the section related to sidebar from the html.

<div class="col-sm-3">
  {{ partial "sidebar.html" . }}
</div>

So far we are using the default image but we would like to use the book image so that we can relate to the book. Every book review will define a configuration setting in its front matter. Update the good-to-great.md as shown below.

+++
date = "2016-02-14T16:11:58+05:30"
draft = true
title = "Good to Great Book Review"
image = "good-to-great.jpg"
+++

I read **Good to Great in January 2016**. An awesome read sharing detailed analysis on how good companies became great. Although this book is about how companies became great but we could apply a lot of the learnings on ourselves. Concepts like level 5 leader, hedgehog concept, the stockdale paradox are equally applicable to individuals.

After adding few more books to our shelf, the shelf looks like as shown below. These are few books that I have read within last one year.

Step 9. Make posts public

So far all the posts that we have written are in draft status. To make a draft public, you can either run a command or manually change the draft status in the post to True.

$ hugo undraft content/post/good-to-great.md

Now, you can start the server without buildDrafts option.

$ hugo server --theme=hugo_theme_robust

Step 10. Integrate Disqus

Disqus allows you to integrate comments in your static blog. To enable Disqus, you just have to set disqusShortname in the config.toml as shown below.

[Params]
  Author = "Shekhar Gulati"
  disqusShortname = <your disqus shortname>

Now, commenting will be enabled in your blog.

Step 11. Generate website

To generate Hugo website source that you can use to deploy your website, type the following command.

$ hugo --theme=hugo_theme_robust
0 draft content
0 future content
5 pages created
2 paginator pages created
0 tags created
0 categories created
in 17 ms

After you run the hugo command, a public directory will be created with the generated website source.

Step 12. Deploy bookshelf on Github pages

Create a new repository with name bookshelf on Github. Once created, create a new Git repo on local system and add remote.

$ mkdir bookshelf-public
$ cd bookshelf-public
$ git init
$ git remote add origin git@github.com:<github-username>/bookshelf.git

Copy the content of the public directory to the bookshelf-public directory. Run this command from with in the bookshelf-public directory.

$ cp -r ../bookshelf/public/ .

Create new branch gh-pages and checkout it.

$ git checkout -b gh-pages
Switched to a new branch 'gh-pages'

Add all the files to the index, commit them, and push the changes to Github.

$ git add --all
$ git commit -am "bookshelf added"
$ git push origin gh-pages

In couple of minutes, your website will be live https://<github-username>.github.io/bookshelf/.

---

This quickstart was originally written by Shekhar Gulati in his 52 Technologies in 2016 blog series.