mirror of
https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo.git
synced 2024-11-14 20:37:55 -05:00
255 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
255 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
title: lang.Translate
|
|
description: Translates a string using the translation tables in the i18n directory.
|
|
categories: []
|
|
keywords: []
|
|
action:
|
|
aliases: [T, i18n]
|
|
related: []
|
|
returnType: string
|
|
signatures: ['lang.Translate KEY [CONTEXT]']
|
|
toc: true
|
|
aliases: [/functions/i18n]
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
The `lang.Translate` function returns the value associated with given key as defined in the translation table for the current language.
|
|
|
|
If the key is not found in the translation table for the current language, the `lang.Translate` function falls back to the translation table for the [`defaultContentLanguage`].
|
|
|
|
[`defaultContentLanguage`]: /getting-started/configuration/#defaultcontentlanguage
|
|
|
|
If the key is not found in the translation table for the `defaultContentLanguage`, the `lang.Translate` function returns an empty string.
|
|
|
|
{{% note %}}
|
|
To list missing and fallback translations, use the `--printI18nWarnings` flag when building your site.
|
|
|
|
To render placeholders for missing and fallback translations, set
|
|
[`enableMissingTranslationPlaceholders`] to `true` in your site configuration.
|
|
|
|
[`enableMissingTranslationPlaceholders`]: /getting-started/configuration/#enablemissingtranslationplaceholders
|
|
{{% /note %}}
|
|
|
|
## Translation tables
|
|
|
|
Create translation tables in the i18n directory, naming each file according to [RFC 5646]. Translation tables may be JSON, TOML, or YAML. For example:
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
i18n/en.toml
|
|
i18n/en-US.toml
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The base name must match the language key as defined in your site configuration.
|
|
|
|
Artificial languages with private use subtags as defined in [RFC 5646 § 2.2.7] are also supported. You may omit the `art-x-` prefix for brevity. For example:
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
i18n/art-x-hugolang.toml
|
|
i18n/hugolang.toml
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Private use subtags must not exceed 8 alphanumeric characters.
|
|
|
|
[RFC 5646]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5646
|
|
[RFC 5646 § 2.2.7]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5646#section-2.2.7
|
|
|
|
## Simple translations
|
|
|
|
Let's say your multilingual site supports two languages, English and Polish. Create a translation table for each language in the `i18n` directory.
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
i18n/
|
|
├── en.toml
|
|
└── pl.toml
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The English translation table:
|
|
|
|
{{< code-toggle file=i18n/en >}}
|
|
privacy = 'privacy'
|
|
security = 'security'
|
|
{{< /code-toggle >}}
|
|
|
|
The Polish translation table:
|
|
|
|
{{< code-toggle file=i18n/pl >}}
|
|
privacy = 'prywatność'
|
|
security = 'bezpieczeństwo'
|
|
{{< /code-toggle >}}
|
|
|
|
{{% note %}}
|
|
The examples below use the `T` alias for brevity.
|
|
{{% /note %}}
|
|
|
|
When viewing the English language site:
|
|
|
|
```go-html-template
|
|
{{ T "privacy" }} → privacy
|
|
{{ T "security" }} → security
|
|
````
|
|
|
|
When viewing the Polish language site:
|
|
|
|
```go-html-template
|
|
{{ T "privacy" }} → prywatność
|
|
{{ T "security" }} → bezpieczeństwo
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Translations with pluralization
|
|
|
|
Let's say your multilingual site supports two languages, English and Polish. Create a translation table for each language in the `i18n` directory.
|
|
|
|
```text
|
|
i18n/
|
|
├── en.toml
|
|
└── pl.toml
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The Unicode [CLDR Plural Rules chart] describes the pluralization categories for each language.
|
|
|
|
[CLDR Plural Rules chart]: https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/43/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html
|
|
|
|
The English translation table:
|
|
|
|
{{< code-toggle file=i18n/en >}}
|
|
[day]
|
|
one = 'day'
|
|
other = 'days'
|
|
|
|
[day_with_count]
|
|
one = '{{ . }} day'
|
|
other = '{{ . }} days'
|
|
{{< /code-toggle >}}
|
|
|
|
The Polish translation table:
|
|
|
|
{{< code-toggle file=i18n/pl >}}
|
|
[day]
|
|
one = 'miesiąc'
|
|
few = 'miesiące'
|
|
many = 'miesięcy'
|
|
other = 'miesiąca'
|
|
|
|
[day_with_count]
|
|
one = '{{ . }} miesiąc'
|
|
few = '{{ . }} miesiące'
|
|
many = '{{ . }} miesięcy'
|
|
other = '{{ . }} miesiąca'
|
|
{{< /code-toggle >}}
|
|
|
|
{{% note %}}
|
|
The examples below use the `T` alias for brevity.
|
|
{{% /note %}}
|
|
|
|
When viewing the English language site:
|
|
|
|
```go-html-template
|
|
{{ T "day" 0 }} → days
|
|
{{ T "day" 1 }} → day
|
|
{{ T "day" 2 }} → days
|
|
{{ T "day" 5 }} → days
|
|
|
|
{{ T "day_with_count" 0 }} → 0 days
|
|
{{ T "day_with_count" 1 }} → 1 day
|
|
{{ T "day_with_count" 2 }} → 2 days
|
|
{{ T "day_with_count" 5 }} → 5 days
|
|
````
|
|
|
|
When viewing the Polish language site:
|
|
|
|
```go-html-template
|
|
{{ T "day" 0 }} → miesięcy
|
|
{{ T "day" 1 }} → miesiąc
|
|
{{ T "day" 2 }} → miesiące
|
|
{{ T "day" 5 }} → miesięcy
|
|
|
|
{{ T "day_with_count" 0 }} → 0 miesięcy
|
|
{{ T "day_with_count" 1 }} → 1 miesiąc
|
|
{{ T "day_with_count" 2 }} → 2 miesiące
|
|
{{ T "day_with_count" 5 }} → 5 miesięcy
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
In the pluralization examples above, we passed an integer in context (the second argument). You can also pass a map in context, providing a `count` key to control pluralization.
|
|
|
|
Translation table:
|
|
|
|
{{< code-toggle file=i18n/en >}}
|
|
[age]
|
|
one = '{{ .name }} is {{ .count }} year old.'
|
|
other = '{{ .name }} is {{ .count }} years old.'
|
|
{{< /code-toggle >}}
|
|
|
|
Template code:
|
|
|
|
```go-html-template
|
|
{{ T "age" (dict "name" "Will" "count" 1) }} → Will is 1 year old.
|
|
{{ T "age" (dict "name" "John" "count" 3) }} → John is 3 years old.
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
{{% note %}}
|
|
Translation tables may contain both simple translations and translations with pluralization.
|
|
{{% /note %}}
|
|
|
|
## Reserved keys
|
|
|
|
Hugo uses the [go-i18n] package to look up values in translation tables. This package reserves the following keys for internal use:
|
|
|
|
[go-i18n]: https://github.com/nicksnyder/go-i18n
|
|
|
|
id
|
|
: (`string`) Uniquely identifies the message.
|
|
|
|
description
|
|
: (`string`) Describes the message to give additional context to translators that may be relevant for translation.
|
|
|
|
hash
|
|
: (`string`) Uniquely identifies the content of the message that this message was translated from.
|
|
|
|
leftdelim
|
|
: (`string`) The left Go template delimiter.
|
|
|
|
rightdelim
|
|
: (`string`) The right Go template delimiter.
|
|
|
|
zero
|
|
: (`string`) The content of the message for the [CLDR] plural form "zero".
|
|
|
|
one
|
|
: (`string`) The content of the message for the [CLDR] plural form "one".
|
|
|
|
two
|
|
: (`string`) The content of the message for the [CLDR] plural form "two".
|
|
|
|
few
|
|
: (`string`) The content of the message for the [CLDR] plural form "few".
|
|
|
|
many
|
|
: (`string`) The content of the message for the [CLDR] plural form "many".
|
|
|
|
other
|
|
: (`string`) The content of the message for the [CLDR] plural form "other".
|
|
|
|
[CLDR]: https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/43/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html
|
|
|
|
If you need to provide a translation for one of the reserved keys, you can prepend the word with an underscore. For example:
|
|
|
|
{{< code-toggle file=i18n/es >}}
|
|
_description = 'descripción'
|
|
_few = 'pocos'
|
|
_many = 'muchos'
|
|
_one = 'uno'
|
|
_other = 'otro'
|
|
_two = 'dos'
|
|
_zero = 'cero'
|
|
{{< /code-toggle >}}
|
|
|
|
Then in your templates:
|
|
|
|
```go-html-template
|
|
{{ T "_description" }} → descripción
|
|
{{ T "_few" }} → pocos
|
|
{{ T "_many" }} → muchos
|
|
{{ T "_one" }} → uno
|
|
{{ T "_two" }} → dos
|
|
{{ T "_zero" }} → cero
|
|
{{ T "_other" }} → otro
|
|
```
|