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126 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
126 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Data sources
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description: Use local and remote data sources to augment or create content.
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categories: [content management]
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keywords: [data,json,toml,yaml,xml]
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menu:
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docs:
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parent: content-management
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weight: 280
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weight: 280
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toc: true
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aliases: [/extras/datafiles/,/extras/datadrivencontent/,/doc/datafiles/,/templates/data-templates/]
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---
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Hugo can access and [unmarshal] local and remote data sources including CSV, JSON, TOML, YAML, and XML. Use this data to augment existing content or to create new content.
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[unmarshal]: /getting-started/glossary/#unmarshal
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A data source might be a file in the data directory, a [global resource], a [page resource], or a [remote resource].
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[global resource]: /getting-started/glossary/#global-resource
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[page resource]: /getting-started/glossary/#page-resource
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[remote resource]: /getting-started/glossary/#remote-resource
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## Data directory
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The data directory in the root of your project may contain one or more data files, in either a flat or nested tree. Hugo merges the data files to create a single data structure, accessible with the `Data` method on a `Site` object.
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Hugo also merges data directories from themes and modules into this single data structure, where the data directory in the root of your project takes precedence.
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{{% note %}}
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Hugo reads the combined data structure into memory and keeps it there for the entire build. For data that is infrequently accessed, use global or page resources instead.
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{{% /note %}}
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Theme and module authors may wish to namespace their data files to prevent collisions. For example:
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```text
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project/
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└── data/
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└── mytheme/
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└── foo.json
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```
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{{% note %}}
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Do not place CSV files in the data directory. Access CSV files as page, global, or remote resources.
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{{% /note %}}
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See the documentation for the [`Data`] method on `Page` object for details and examples.
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[`Data`]: /methods/site/data/
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## Global resources
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Use the `resources.Get` and `transform.Unmarshal` functions to access data files that exist as global resources.
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See the [`transform.Unmarshal`](/functions/transform/unmarshal/#global-resource) documentation for details and examples.
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## Page resources
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Use the `Resources.Get` method on a `Page` object combined with the `transform.Unmarshal` function to access data files that exist as page resources.
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See the [`transform.Unmarshal`](/functions/transform/unmarshal/#page-resource) documentation for details and examples.
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## Remote resources
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Use the `resources.GetRemote` and `transform.Unmarshal` functions to access remote data.
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See the [`transform.Unmarshal`](/functions/transform/unmarshal/#remote-resource) documentation for details and examples.
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## Augment existing content
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Use data sources to augment existing content. For example, create a shortcode to render an HTML table from a global CSV resource.
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{{< code file=assets/pets.csv >}}
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"name","type","breed","age"
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"Spot","dog","Collie","3"
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"Felix","cat","Malicious","7"
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{{< /code >}}
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{{< code file=content/example.md lang=text >}}
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{{</* csv-to-table "pets.csv" */>}}
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{{< /code >}}
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{{< code file=layouts/shortcodes/csv-to-table.html >}}
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{{ with $file := .Get 0 }}
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{{ with resources.Get $file }}
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{{ with . | transform.Unmarshal }}
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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{{ range index . 0 }}
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<th>{{ . }}</th>
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{{ end }}
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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{{ range after 1 . }}
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<tr>
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{{ range . }}
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<td>{{ . }}</td>
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{{ end }}
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</tr>
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{{ end }}
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</tbody>
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</table>
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{{ end }}
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{{ else }}
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{{ errorf "The %q shortcode was unable to find %s. See %s" $.Name $file $.Position }}
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{{ end }}
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{{ else }}
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{{ errorf "The %q shortcode requires one positional argument, the path to the CSV file relative to the assets directory. See %s" .Name .Position }}
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{{ end }}
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{{< /code >}}
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Hugo renders this to:
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name|type|breed|age
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:--|:--|:--|:--
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Spot|dog|Collie|3
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Felix|cat|Malicious|7
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## Create new content
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Use [content adapters] to create new content.
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[content adapters]: /content-management/content-adapters/
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