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226 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
226 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: "Shortcodes"
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date: "2013-07-01"
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aliases: ["/doc/shortcodes/"]
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groups: ["extras"]
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groups_weight: 10
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---
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Because Hugo uses markdown for its simple content format, however there's a lot
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of things that markdown doesn't support well.
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We are unwilling to accept being constrained by our simple format. Also
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unacceptable is writing raw html in our markdown every time we want to include
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unsupported content such as a video. To do so is in complete opposition to the
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intent of using a bare bones format for our content and utilizing templates to
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apply styling for display.
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To avoid both of these limitations Hugo created shortcodes.
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A shortcode is a simple snippet inside a markdown file that Hugo will render
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using a predefined template.
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## Using a shortcode
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In your content files a shortcode can be called by using '{{% name parameters
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%}}' respectively. Shortcodes are space delimited (parameters with spaces
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can be quoted).
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The first word is always the name of the shortcode. Parameters follow the name.
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The format for named parameters models that of html with the format
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name="value". The current implementation only supports this exact format. Extra
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spaces or different quote marks will not parse properly.
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Some shortcodes use or require closing shortcodes. Like HTML, the opening and closing
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shortcodes match (name only), the closing being prepended with a slash.
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Example of a paired shortcode:
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{{% highlight go %}} A bunch of code here {{% /highlight %}}
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## Hugo Shortcodes
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Hugo ships with a set of predefined shortcodes.
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### highlight
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This shortcode will convert the source code provided into syntax highlighted
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html. Read more on [highlighting](/extras/highlighting).
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#### Usage
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Highlight takes exactly one required parameter of language and requires a
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closing shortcode.
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#### Example
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{{% highlight html %}}
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{{% highlight html %}}
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<section id="main">
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<div>
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<h1 id="title">{{ .Title }}</h1>
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{{ range .Data.Pages }}
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{{ .Render "summary"}}
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{{ end }}
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</div>
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</section>
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{{% /highlight %}}
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{{% /highlight %}}
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#### Example Output
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{{% highlight html %}}
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<span style="color: #f92672"><section</span> <span style="color: #a6e22e">id=</span><span style="color: #e6db74">"main"</span><span style="color: #f92672">></span>
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<span style="color: #f92672"><div></span>
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<span style="color: #f92672"><h1</span> <span style="color: #a6e22e">id=</span><span style="color: #e6db74">"title"</span><span style="color: #f92672">></span>{{ .Title }}<span style="color: #f92672"></h1></span>
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{{ range .Data.Pages }}
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{{ .Render "summary"}}
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{{ end }}
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<span style="color: #f92672"></div></span>
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<span style="color: #f92672"></section></span>
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{{% /highlight %}}
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### figure
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Figure is simply an extension of the image capabilities present with Markdown.
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figure provides the ability to add captions, css classes, alt text, links etc.
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#### Usage
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figure can use the following parameters
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* src
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* link
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* title
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* caption
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* attr (attribution)
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* attrlink
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* alt
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#### Example
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{{% highlight html %}}
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{{% figure src="/media/spf13.jpg" title="Steve Francia" %}}
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{{% /highlight %}}
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#### Example output
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{{% highlight html %}}
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{{% /highlight %}}
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## Creating your own shortcodes
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To create a shortcode, place a template in the layouts/shortcodes directory. The
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template name will be the name of the shortcode.
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In creating a shortcode you can choose if the short code will use positional
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parameters or named parameters (but not both). A good rule of thumb is that if a
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short code has a single required value in the case of the youtube example below
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then positional works very well. For more complex layouts with optional
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parameters named parameters work best.
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**Inside the template**
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To access a parameter by position the .Get method can be used.
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{{ .Get 0 }}
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To access a parameter by name the .Get method should be utilized
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{{ .Get "class" }}
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With is great when the output depends on a parameter being set
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{{ with .Get "class"}} class="{{.}}"{{ end }}
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Get can also be used to check if a parameter has been provided. This is
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most helpful when the condition depends on either one value or another...
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or both.
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{{ or .Get "title" | .Get "alt" | if }} alt="{{ with .Get "alt"}}{{.}}{{else}}{{.Get "title"}}{{end}}"{{ end }}
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If a closing shortcode is used, the variable .Inner will be populated with all
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of the content between the opening and closing shortcodes. If a closing
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shortcode is required, you can check the length of .Inner and provide a warning
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to the user.
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## Single Positional Example: youtube
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{{% youtube 09jf3ow9jfw %}}
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Would load the template /layouts/shortcodes/youtube.html
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<div class="embed video-player">
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<iframe class="youtube-player" type="text/html" width="640" height="385" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/{{ index .Params 0 }}" allowfullscreen frameborder="0">
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</iframe>
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</div>
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This would be rendered as
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<div class="embed video-player">
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<iframe class="youtube-player" type="text/html"
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width="640" height="385"
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src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/09jf3ow9jfw"
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allowfullscreen frameborder="0">
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</iframe>
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</div>
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## Single Named Example: image with caption
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*Example has an extra space so Hugo doesn't actually render it*
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{{ % img src="/media/spf13.jpg" title="Steve Francia" %}}
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Would load the template /layouts/shortcodes/img.html
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<!-- image -->
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<figure {{ with .Get "class" }}class="{{.}}"{{ end }}>
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{{ with .Get "link"}}<a href="{{.}}">{{ end }}
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<img src="{{ .Get "src" }}" {{ if or (.Get "alt") (.Get "caption") }}alt="{{ with .Get "alt"}}{{.}}{{else}}{{ .Get "caption" }}{{ end }}"{{ end }} />
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{{ if .Get "link"}}</a>{{ end }}
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{{ if or (or (.Get "title") (.Get "caption")) (.Get "attr")}}
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<figcaption>{{ if isset .Params "title" }}
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<h4>{{ .Get "title" }}</h4>{{ end }}
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{{ if or (.Get "caption") (.Get "attr")}}<p>
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{{ .Get "caption" }}
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{{ with .Get "attrlink"}}<a href="{{.}}"> {{ end }}
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{{ .Get "attr" }}
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{{ if .Get "attrlink"}}</a> {{ end }}
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</p> {{ end }}
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</figcaption>
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{{ end }}
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</figure>
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<!-- image -->
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Would be rendered as:
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<figure >
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<img src="/media/spf13.jpg" />
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<figcaption>
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<h4>Steve Francia</h4>
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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## Paired Example: Highlight
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*Hugo already ships with the highlight shortcode*
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*Example has an extra space so Hugo doesn't actually render it*.
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{{% highlight html %}}
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<html>
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<body> This HTML </body>
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</html>
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{{% /highlight %}}
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The template for this utilizes the following code (already include in hugo)
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{{ .Get 0 | highlight .Inner }}
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And will be rendered as:
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<div class="highlight" style="background: #272822"><pre style="line-height: 125%"><span style="color: #f92672"><html></span>
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<span style="color: #f92672"><body></span> This HTML <span style="color: #f92672"></body></span>
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<span style="color: #f92672"></html></span>
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</pre></div>
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Please notice that this template makes use of a hugo specific template function
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called highlight which uses pygments to add the highlighting code.
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More shortcode examples can be found at [spf13.com](https://github.com/spf13/spf13.com/tree/master/layouts/shortcodes)
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