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132 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
132 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Base 模板 and Blocks
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linktitle:
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description: The base and block constructs allow you to define the outer shell of your master templates (i.e., the chrome of the page).
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godocref: https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/#example_Template_block
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date: 2017-02-01
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publishdate: 2018-08-11
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lastmod: 2017-02-01
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categories: [templates,fundamentals]
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keywords: [blocks,base]
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menu:
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docs:
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parent: "templates"
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weight: 20
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weight: 20
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sections_weight: 20
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draft: false
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aliases: [/templates/blocks/,/templates/base-templates-and-blocks/]
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toc: true
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---
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The `block` keyword allows you to define the outer shell of your pages' one or more master template(s) and then fill in or override portions as necessary.
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{{< youtube QVOMCYitLEc >}}
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## Base Template Lookup Order
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The [lookup order][lookup] for base templates is as follows:
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1. `/layouts/section/<TYPE>-baseof.html`
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2. `/themes/<THEME>/layouts/section/<TYPE>-baseof.html`
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3. `/layouts/<TYPE>/baseof.html`
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4. `/themes/<THEME>/layouts/<TYPE>/baseof.html`
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5. `/layouts/section/baseof.html`
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6. `/themes/<THEME>/layouts/section/baseof.html`
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7. `/layouts/_default/<TYPE>-baseof.html`
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8. `/themes/<THEME>/layouts/_default/<TYPE>-baseof.html`
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9. `/layouts/_default/baseof.html`
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10. `/themes/<THEME>/layouts/_default/baseof.html`
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Variables are denoted by capitalized text set within `<>`. Note that Hugo's default behavior is for `type` to inherit from `section` unless otherwise specified.
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### Example Base Template Lookup Order
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As an example, let's assume your site is using a theme called "mytheme" when rendering the section list for a `posts` section. Hugo picks `layout/section/posts.html` as the template for [rendering the section][]. The `{{define}}` block in this template tells Hugo that the template is an extension of a base template.
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Here is the lookup order for the `posts` base template:
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1. `/layouts/section/posts-baseof.html`
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2. `/themes/mytheme/layouts/section/posts-baseof.html`
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3. `/layouts/posts/baseof.html`
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4. `/themes/mytheme/layouts/posts/baseof.html`
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5. `/layouts/section/baseof.html`
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6. `/themes/mytheme/layouts/section/baseof.html`
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7. `/layouts/_default/posts-baseof.html`
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8. `/themes/mytheme/layouts/_default/posts-baseof.html`
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9. `/layouts/_default/baseof.html`
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10. `/themes/mytheme/layouts/_default/baseof.html`
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## Define the Base Template
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The following defines a simple base template at `_default/baseof.html`. As a default template, it is the shell from which all your pages will be rendered unless you specify another `*baseof.html` closer to the beginning of the lookup order.
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{{< code file="layouts/_default/baseof.html" download="baseof.html" >}}
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>{{ block "title" . }}
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<!-- Blocks may include default content. -->
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{{ .Site.Title }}
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{{ end }}</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- Code that all your templates share, like a header -->
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{{ block "main" . }}
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<!-- The part of the page that begins to differ between templates -->
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{{ end }}
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{{ block "footer" . }}
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<!-- More shared code, perhaps a footer but that can be overridden if need be in -->
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{{ end }}
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</body>
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</html>
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{{< /code >}}
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## Override the Base Template
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From the above base template, you can define a [default list template][hugolists]. The default list template will inherit all of the code defined above and can then implement its own `"main"` block from:
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{{< code file="layouts/_default/list.html" download="list.html" >}}
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{{ define "main" }}
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<h1>Posts</h1>
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{{ range .Pages }}
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<article>
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<h2>{{ .Title }}</h2>
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{{ .Content }}
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</article>
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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{{< /code >}}
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This replaces the contents of our (basically empty) "main" block with something useful for the list template. In this case, we didn't define a `"title"` block, so the contents from our base template remain unchanged in lists.
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{{% warning %}}
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Code that you put outside the block definitions *can* break your layout. This even includes HTML comments. For example:
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```
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<!-- Seemingly harmless HTML comment..that will break your layout at build -->
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{{ define "main" }}
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...your code here
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{{ end }}
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```
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[See this thread from the Hugo discussion forums.](https://discourse.gohugo.io/t/baseof-html-block-templates-and-list-types-results-in-empty-pages/5612/6)
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{{% /warning %}}
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The following shows how you can override both the `"main"` and `"title"` block areas from the base template with code unique to your [default single page template][singletemplate]:
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{{< code file="layouts/_default/single.html" download="single.html" >}}
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{{ define "title" }}
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<!-- This will override the default value set in baseof.html; i.e., "{{.Site.Title}}" in the original example-->
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{{ .Title }} – {{ .Site.Title }}
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{{ end }}
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{{ define "main" }}
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<h1>{{ .Title }}</h1>
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{{ .Content }}
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{{ end }}
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{{< /code >}}
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[hugolists]: /templates/lists
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[lookup]: /templates/lookup-order/
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[rendering the section]: /templates/section-templates/
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[singletemplate]: /templates/single-page-templates/
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