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301 lines
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Markdown
301 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Page Variables
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linktitle:
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description: Page-level variables are defined in a content file's front matter, derived from the content's file location, or extracted from the content body itself.
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date: 2017-02-01
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publishdate: 2017-02-01
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categories: [variables and params]
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keywords: [pages]
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draft: false
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menu:
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docs:
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title: "variables defined by a page"
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parent: "variables"
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weight: 20
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weight: 20
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sections_weight: 20
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aliases: []
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toc: true
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---
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The following is a list of page-level variables. Many of these will be defined in the front matter, derived from file location, or extracted from the content itself.
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{{% note "`.Scratch`" %}}
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See [`.Scratch`](/functions/scratch/) for page-scoped, writable variables.
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{{% /note %}}
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## Page Variables
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.AlternativeOutputFormats
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: contains all alternative formats for a given page; this variable is especially useful `link rel` list in your site's `<head>`. (See [Output Formats](/templates/output-formats/).)
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.Aliases
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: aliases of this page
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.Ancestors
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: get the ancestors of each page, simplify [breadcrumb navigation]({{< relref "content-management/sections#example-breadcrumb-navigation" >}}) implementation complexity
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.BundleType
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: the [bundle] type: `leaf`, `branch`, or an empty string if the page is not a bundle.
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.Content
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: the content itself, defined below the front matter.
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.Data
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: the data specific to this type of page.
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.Date
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: the date associated with the page; `.Date` pulls from the `date` field in a content's front matter. See also `.ExpiryDate`, `.PublishDate`, and `.Lastmod`.
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.Description
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: the description for the page.
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.Draft
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: a boolean, `true` if the content is marked as a draft in the front matter.
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.ExpiryDate
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: the date on which the content is scheduled to expire; `.ExpiryDate` pulls from the `expirydate` field in a content's front matter. See also `.PublishDate`, `.Date`, and `.Lastmod`.
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.File
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: filesystem-related data for this content file. See also [File Variables].
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.FuzzyWordCount
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: the approximate number of words in the content.
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.IsHome
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: `true` in the context of the [homepage](/templates/homepage/).
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.IsNode
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: always `false` for regular content pages.
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.IsPage
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: always `true` for regular content pages.
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.IsSection
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: `true` if [`.Kind`](/templates/section-templates/#page-kinds) is `section`.
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.IsTranslated
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: `true` if there are translations to display.
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.Keywords
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: the meta keywords for the content.
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.Kind
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: the page's *kind*. Possible return values are `page`, `home`, `section`, `taxonomy`, or `term`. Note that there are also `RSS`, `sitemap`, `robotsTXT`, and `404` kinds, but these are only available during the rendering of each of these respective page's kind and therefore *not* available in any of the `Pages` collections.
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.Language
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: a language object that points to the language's definition in the site `config`. `.Language.Lang` gives you the language code.
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.Lastmod
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: the date the content was last modified. `.Lastmod` pulls from the `lastmod` field in a content's front matter.
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- If `lastmod` is not set, and `.GitInfo` feature is disabled, the front matter `date` field will be used.
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- If `lastmod` is not set, and `.GitInfo` feature is enabled, `.GitInfo.AuthorDate` will be used instead.
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See also `.ExpiryDate`, `.Date`, `.PublishDate`, and [`.GitInfo`][gitinfo].
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.LinkTitle
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: access when creating links to the content. If set, Hugo will use the `linktitle` from the front matter before `title`.
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.Next
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: Points up to the next [regular page](/variables/site/#site-pages) (sorted by Hugo's [default sort](/templates/lists#default-weight--date--linktitle--filepath)). Example: `{{with .Next}}{{.Permalink}}{{end}}`. Calling `.Next` from the first page returns `nil`.
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.NextInSection
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: Points up to the next [regular page](/variables/site/#site-pages) below the same top level section (e.g. in `/blog`)). Pages are sorted by Hugo's [default sort](/templates/lists#default-weight--date--linktitle--filepath). Example: `{{with .NextInSection}}{{.Permalink}}{{end}}`. Calling `.NextInSection` from the first page returns `nil`.
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.OutputFormats
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: contains all formats, including the current format, for a given page. Can be combined the with [`.Get` function](/functions/get/) to grab a specific format. (See [Output Formats](/templates/output-formats/).)
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.Pages
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: a collection of associated pages. This value will be `nil` within
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the context of regular content pages. See [`.Pages`]({{< relref "page.md#pages" >}}).
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.Permalink
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: the Permanent link for this page; see [Permalinks](/content-management/urls/)
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.Plain
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: the Page content stripped of HTML tags and presented as a string. You may need to pipe the result through the [`htmlUnescape`](/functions/htmlunescape/) function when rendering this value with the HTML [output format](/templates/output-formats#output-format-definitions).
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.PlainWords
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: the slice of strings that results from splitting .Plain into words, as defined in Go's [strings.Fields](https://pkg.go.dev/strings#Fields).
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.Prev
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: Points down to the previous [regular page](/variables/site/#site-pages) (sorted by Hugo's [default sort](/templates/lists#default-weight--date--linktitle--filepath)). Example: `{{if .Prev}}{{.Prev.Permalink}}{{end}}`. Calling `.Prev` from the last page returns `nil`.
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.PrevInSection
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: Points down to the previous [regular page](/variables/site/#site-pages) below the same top level section (e.g. `/blog`). Pages are sorted by Hugo's [default sort](/templates/lists#default-weight--date--linktitle--filepath). Example: `{{if .PrevInSection}}{{.PrevInSection.Permalink}}{{end}}`. Calling `.PrevInSection` from the last page returns `nil`.
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.PublishDate
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: the date on which the content was or will be published; `.Publishdate` pulls from the `publishdate` field in a content's front matter. See also `.ExpiryDate`, `.Date`, and `.Lastmod`.
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.RawContent
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: raw markdown content without the front matter. Useful with [remarkjs.com](
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https://remarkjs.com)
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.ReadingTime
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: the estimated time, in minutes, it takes to read the content.
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.Resources
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: resources such as images and CSS that are associated with this page
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.Ref
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: returns the permalink for a given reference (e.g., `.Ref "sample.md"`). `.Ref` does *not* handle in-page fragments correctly. See [Cross References](/content-management/cross-references/).
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.RelPermalink
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: the relative permanent link for this page.
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.RelRef
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: returns the relative permalink for a given reference (e.g., `RelRef
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"sample.md"`). `.RelRef` does *not* handle in-page fragments correctly. See [Cross References](/content-management/cross-references/).
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.Site
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: see [Site Variables](/variables/site/).
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.Sites
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: returns all sites (languages). A typical use case would be to link back to the main language: `<a href="{{ .Sites.First.Home.RelPermalink }}">...</a>`.
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.Sites.First
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: returns the site for the first language. If this is not a multilingual setup, it will return itself.
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.Summary
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: a generated summary of the content for easily showing a snippet in a summary view. The breakpoint can be set manually by inserting <code><!--more--></code> at the appropriate place in the content page, or the summary can be written independent of the page text. See [Content Summaries](/content-management/summaries/) for more details.
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.TableOfContents
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: the rendered [table of contents](/content-management/toc/) for the page.
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.Title
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: the title for this page.
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.Translations
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: a list of translated versions of the current page. See [Multilingual Mode](/content-management/multilingual/) for more information.
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.TranslationKey
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: the key used to map language translations of the current page. See [Multilingual Mode](/content-management/multilingual/) for more information.
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.Truncated
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: a boolean, `true` if the `.Summary` is truncated. Useful for showing a "Read more..." link only when necessary. See [Summaries](/content-management/summaries/) for more information.
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.Type
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: the [content type](/content-management/types/) of the content (e.g., `posts`).
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.Weight
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: assigned weight (in the front matter) to this content, used in sorting.
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.WordCount
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: the number of words in the content.
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## Section Variables and Methods
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Also see [Sections](/content-management/sections/).
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{{< readfile file="/content/en/readfiles/sectionvars.md" markdown="true" >}}
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## The `.Pages` Variable {#pages}
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`.Pages` is an alias to `.Data.Pages`. It is conventional to use the
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aliased form `.Pages`.
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### `.Pages` compared to `.Site.Pages`
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{{< getcontent path="readfiles/pages-vs-site-pages.md" >}}
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## Page-level Params
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Any other value defined in the front matter in a content file, including taxonomies, will be made available as part of the `.Params` variable.
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```yml
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---
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title: My First Post
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date: 2017-02-20T15:26:23-06:00
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categories: [one]
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tags: [two,three,four]
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```
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With the above front matter, the `tags` and `categories` taxonomies are accessible via the following:
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* `.Params.tags`
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* `.Params.categories`
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{{% note "Casing of Params" %}}
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Page-level `.Params` are *only* accessible in lowercase.
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{{% /note %}}
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The `.Params` variable is particularly useful for the introduction of user-defined front matter fields in content files. For example, a Hugo website on book reviews could have the following front matter in `/content/review/book01.md`:
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```yml
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---
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...
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affiliatelink: "http://www.my-book-link.here"
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recommendedby: "My Mother"
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...
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---
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```
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These fields would then be accessible to the `/themes/yourtheme/layouts/review/single.html` template through `.Params.affiliatelink` and `.Params.recommendedby`, respectively.
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Two common situations where this type of front matter field could be introduced is as a value of a certain attribute like `href=""` or by itself to be displayed as text to the website's visitors.
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{{< code file="/themes/yourtheme/layouts/review/single.html" >}}
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<h3><a href={{ printf "%s" $.Params.affiliatelink }}>Buy this book</a></h3>
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<p>It was recommended by {{ .Params.recommendedby }}.</p>
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{{< /code >}}
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This template would render as follows, assuming you've set [`uglyURLs`](/content-management/urls/) to `false` in your [site `config`](/getting-started/configuration/):
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{{< output file="yourbaseurl/review/book01/index.html" >}}
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<h3><a href="http://www.my-book-link.here">Buy this book</a></h3>
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<p>It was recommended by my Mother.</p>
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{{< /output >}}
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{{% note %}}
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See [Archetypes](/content-management/archetypes/) for consistency of `Params` across pieces of content.
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{{% /note %}}
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### The `.Param` Method
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In Hugo, you can declare params in individual pages and globally for your entire website. A common use case is to have a general value for the site param and a more specific value for some of the pages (i.e., a header image):
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```go-html-template
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{{ $.Param "header_image" }}
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```
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The `.Param` method provides a way to resolve a single value according to it's definition in a page parameter (i.e. in the content's front matter) or a site parameter (i.e., in your `config`).
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### Access Nested Fields in Front Matter
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When front matter contains nested fields like the following:
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```yml
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---
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author:
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given_name: John
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family_name: Feminella
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display_name: John Feminella
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---
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```
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`.Param` can access these fields by concatenating the field names together with a dot:
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```go-html-template
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{{ $.Param "author.display_name" }}
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```
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If your front matter contains a top-level key that is ambiguous with a nested key, as in the following case:
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```yml
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---
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favorites.flavor: vanilla
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favorites:
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flavor: chocolate
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---
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```
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The top-level key will be preferred. Therefore, the following method, when applied to the previous example, will print `vanilla` and not `chocolate`:
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```txt
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{{ $.Param "favorites.flavor" }}
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=> vanilla
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```
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[gitinfo]: /variables/git/
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[File Variables]: /variables/files/
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[bundle]: {{< relref "content-management/page-bundles" >}}
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