hugo/docs/content/en/content-management/build-options.md

title	linktitle	description	date	publishdate	keywords	categories	menu	weight	draft	aliases	toc
Build Options	Build Options	Build options help define how Hugo must treat a given page when building the site.	2020-03-02	2020-03-02	build content front matter page resources	content management	docs parent weight content-management 31	31	false	/content/build-options/	true

They are stored in a reserved Front Matter object named _build with the following defaults:

_build:
  render: true
  list: true
  publishResources: true

render

If true, the page will be treated as a published page, holding its dedicated output files (index.html, etc...) and permalink.

list

If true, the page will be treated as part of the project's collections and, when appropriate, returned by Hugo's listing methods (.Pages, .RegularPages etc...).

publishResources

If set to true the [Bundle's Resources]({{< relref "content-management/page-bundles" >}}) will be published. Setting this to false will still publish Resources on demand (when a resource's .Permalink or .RelPermalink is invoked from the templates) but will skip the others.

{{% note %}} Any page, regardless of their build options, will always be available using the [.GetPage]({{< relref "functions/GetPage" >}}) methods. {{% /note %}}

---

Illustrative use cases

Not publishing a page

Project needs a "Who We Are" content file for Front Matter and body to be used by the homepage but nowhere else.

# content/who-we-are.md`
title: Who we are
_build:
 list: false
 render: false

{{/* layouts/index.html */}}
<section id="who-we-are">
{{ with site.GetPage "who-we-are" }}
  {{ .Content }}
{{ end }}
</section>

Listing pages without publishing them

Website needs to showcase a few of the hundred "testimonials" available as content files without publishing any of them.

To avoid setting the build options on every testimonials, one can use [cascade]({{< relref "/content-management/front-matter#front-matter-cascade" >}}) on the testimonial section's content file.

#content/testimonials/_index.md
title: Testimonials
# section build options:
_build:
  render: true
# children build options with cascade
cascade:
  _build:
    render: false
    list: true # default

{{/* layouts/_defaults/testimonials.html */}}
<section id="testimonials">
{{ range first 5 .Pages }}
  <blockquote cite="{{ .Params.cite }}">
    {{ .Content }}
  </blockquote>
{{ end }}
</section>