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133 lines
4 KiB
Markdown
133 lines
4 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Menus
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linktitle: Menus
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description: Hugo has a simple yet powerful menu system.
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date: 2017-02-01
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publishdate: 2017-02-01
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lastmod: 2017-03-31
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categories: [content management]
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keywords: [menus]
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draft: false
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menu:
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docs:
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parent: "content-management"
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weight: 120
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weight: 120
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aliases: [/extras/menus/]
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toc: true
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---
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{{% note "Lazy Blogger"%}}
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If all you want is a simple menu for your sections, see the ["Section Menu for Lazy Bloggers" in Menu Templates](/templates/menu-templates/#section-menu-for-lazy-bloggers).
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{{% /note %}}
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You can do this:
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* Place content in one or many menus
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* Handle nested menus with unlimited depth
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* Create menu entries without being attached to any content
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* Distinguish active element (and active branch)
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## What is a Menu in Hugo?
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A **menu** is a named array of menu entries accessible by name via the [`.Site.Menus` site variable][sitevars]. For example, you can access your site's `main` menu via `.Site.Menus.main`.
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{{% note "Menus on Multilingual Sites" %}}
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If you make use of the [multilingual feature](/content-management/multilingual/), you can define language-independent menus.
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{{% /note %}}
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See the [Menu Entry Properties][me-props] for all the variables and functions related to a menu entry.
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## Add content to menus
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Hugo allows you to add content to a menu via the content's [front matter](/content-management/front-matter/).
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### Simple
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If all you need to do is add an entry to a menu, the simple form works well.
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#### A Single Menu
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{{< code-toggle >}}
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menu: "main"
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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#### Multiple Menus
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{{< code-toggle >}}
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menu: ["main", "footer"]
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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#### Advanced
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{{< code-toggle >}}
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menu:
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docs:
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parent: 'extras'
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weight: 20
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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## Add Non-content Entries to a Menu
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You can also add entries to menus that aren’t attached to a piece of content. This takes place in your Hugo project's [`config` file][config].
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Here’s an example snippet pulled from a configuration file:
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{{< code-toggle file="config" >}}
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[[menu.main]]
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name = "about hugo"
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pre = "<i class='fa fa-heart'></i>"
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weight = -110
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identifier = "about"
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url = "/about/"
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[[menu.main]]
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name = "getting started"
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pre = "<i class='fa fa-road'></i>"
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post = "<span class='alert'>New!</span>"
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weight = -100
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url = "/getting-started/"
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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{{% note %}}
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The URLs must be relative to the context root. If the `baseURL` is `https://example.com/mysite/`, then the URLs in the menu must not include the context root `mysite`. Using an absolute URL will override the baseURL. If the value used for `URL` in the above example is `https://subdomain.example.com/`, the output will be `https://subdomain.example.com`.
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{{% /note %}}
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## Nesting
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All nesting of content is done via the `parent` field.
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The parent of an entry should be the identifier of another entry. The identifier should be unique (within a menu).
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The following order is used to determine an Identifier:
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`.Name > .LinkTitle > .Title`
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This means that `.Title` will be used unless `.LinkTitle` is present, etc. In practice, `.Name` and `.Identifier` are only used to structure relationships and therefore never displayed.
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In this example, the top level of the menu is defined in your [site `config` file][config]. All content entries are attached to one of these entries via the `.Parent` field.
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## Params
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You can also add user-defined content to menu items via the `params` field.
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A common use case is to define a custom param to add a css class to a specific menu item.
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{{< code-toggle file="config" >}}
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[[menu.main]]
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name = "about hugo"
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pre = "<i class='fa fa-heart'></i>"
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weight = -110
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identifier = "about"
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url = "/about/"
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[menu.main.params]
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class = "highlight-menu-item"
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{{</ code-toggle >}}
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## Render Menus
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See [Menu Templates](/templates/menu-templates/) for information on how to render your site menus within your templates.
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[config]: /getting-started/configuration/
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[multilingual]: /content-management/multilingual/
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[sitevars]: /variables/
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[me-props]: /variables/menus/
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