diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
index 5df13ad9b..3b0ef323d 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
@@ -77,3 +77,11 @@ body:
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
index 644c87a7e..c8702c356 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
@@ -89,3 +89,11 @@ body:
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
index 59d0474c2..5a6d2b0fb 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
@@ -85,3 +85,11 @@ body:
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
index e20739673..a17770f61 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
@@ -70,3 +70,11 @@ body:
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
index e06db9ccf..c600a9dcb 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
@@ -64,3 +64,11 @@ body:
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
index 571223a9c..57bc9daf5 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
@@ -70,3 +70,11 @@ body:
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 12ec5b0d8..4ff1cbc1d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ jobs:
           # We need to ignore wheels otherwise we break universal2 builds
           python3 -m pip install -U --no-binary :all: -r requirements.txt
           # We need to fuse our own universal2 wheels for curl_cffi
-          python3 -m pip install -U delocate
+          python3 -m pip install -U 'delocate==0.11.0'
           mkdir curl_cffi_whls curl_cffi_universal2
           python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --print -o --include curl-cffi > requirements.txt
           for platform in "macosx_11_0_arm64" "macosx_11_0_x86_64"; do
diff --git a/.github/workflows/core.yml b/.github/workflows/core.yml
index fdfdebc65..21a64efa9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/core.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/core.yml
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install test requirements
       run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include test --include curl-cffi
     - name: Run tests
+      timeout-minutes: 15
       continue-on-error: False
       run: |
         python3 -m yt_dlp -v || true  # Print debug head
diff --git a/.github/workflows/issue-lockdown.yml b/.github/workflows/issue-lockdown.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b973e2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/issue-lockdown.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Issue Lockdown
+on:
+  issues:
+    types: [opened]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  lockdown:
+    name: Issue Lockdown
+    if: vars.ISSUE_LOCKDOWN
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: "Lock new issue"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+        run: |
+          gh issue lock "${ISSUE_NUMBER}" -R "${REPOSITORY}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
index 3afb51a30..fe2a7e923 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Install test requirements
       run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include test
     - name: Run tests
+      timeout-minutes: 15
       run: |
         python3 -m yt_dlp -v || true
         python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py core
diff --git a/.github/workflows/sanitize-comment.yml b/.github/workflows/sanitize-comment.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..45c87cdd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/sanitize-comment.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: Sanitize comment
+
+on:
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [created, edited]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  sanitize-comment:
+    name: Sanitize comment
+    if: vars.SANITIZE_COMMENT && !github.event.issue.pull_request
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Sanitize comment
+        uses: yt-dlp/sanitize-comment@v1
diff --git a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
index a5d59f3c0..8135689c7 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
@@ -46,6 +46,14 @@
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
 '''.strip()
 
 NO_SKIP = '''
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index d5480e1c6..fe6894a42 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "pycryptodomex",
     "requests>=2.32.2,<3",
     "urllib3>=1.26.17,<3",
-    "websockets>=12.0",
+    "websockets>=13.0",
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
diff --git a/test/test_websockets.py b/test/test_websockets.py
index 43f20ac65..06112cc0b 100644
--- a/test/test_websockets.py
+++ b/test/test_websockets.py
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def create_wss_websocket_server():
     certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
     sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
     sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
-    return create_websocket_server(ssl_context=sslctx)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)
 
 
 MTLS_CERT_DIR = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testdata', 'certificate')
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def create_mtls_wss_websocket_server():
     sslctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=cacertfn)
     sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
 
-    return create_websocket_server(ssl_context=sslctx)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)
 
 
 def create_legacy_wss_websocket_server():
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def create_legacy_wss_websocket_server():
     sslctx.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
     sslctx.set_ciphers('SHA1:AESCCM:aDSS:eNULL:aNULL')
     sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
-    return create_websocket_server(ssl_context=sslctx)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)
 
 
 def ws_validate_and_send(rh, req):
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ def setup_class(cls):
         cls.wss_thread, cls.wss_port = create_wss_websocket_server()
         cls.wss_base_url = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.wss_port}'
 
-        cls.bad_wss_thread, cls.bad_wss_port = create_websocket_server(ssl_context=ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER))
+        cls.bad_wss_thread, cls.bad_wss_port = create_websocket_server(ssl=ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER))
         cls.bad_wss_host = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.bad_wss_port}'
 
         cls.mtls_wss_thread, cls.mtls_wss_port = create_mtls_wss_websocket_server()
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
index 85ea19021..9041f67e6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
@@ -949,6 +949,7 @@
     KidoodleTVIE,
     KidoodleTVSeriesIE,
 )
+from .kika import KikaIE
 from .kinja import KinjaEmbedIE
 from .kinopoisk import KinoPoiskIE
 from .kommunetv import KommunetvIE
@@ -2315,6 +2316,7 @@
     VideomoreVideoIE,
 )
 from .videopress import VideoPressIE
+from .vidflex import VidflexIE
 from .vidio import (
     VidioIE,
     VidioLiveIE,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py
index 0c5e1238d..682546f8f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py
@@ -3,7 +3,12 @@
 
 
 class EurosportIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.eurosport\.com/\w+/(?:[\w-]+/[\d-]+/)?[\w-]+_(?P<id>vid\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:
+            (?:(?:www|espanol)\.)?eurosport\.(?:com(?:\.tr)?|de|dk|es|fr|hu|it|nl|no|ro)|
+            eurosport\.tvn24\.pl
+        )/[\w-]+/(?:[\w-]+/[\d-]+/)?[\w.-]+_(?P<id>vid\d+)
+    '''
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/roland-garros/2022/highlights-rafael-nadal-brushes-aside-caper-ruud-to-win-record-extending-14th-french-open-title_vid1694147/video.shtml',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -70,6 +75,42 @@ class EurosportIE(InfoExtractor):
             'duration': 105.0,
             'upload_date': '20230518',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.de/radsport/vuelta-a-espana/2024/vuelta-a-espana-2024-wout-van-aert-und-co.-verzweifeln-an-mcnulty-zeitfahr-krimi-in-lissabon_vid2219478/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.dk/speedway/mikkel-michelsen-misser-finalen-i-cardiff-se-danskeren-i-semifinalen-her_vid2219363/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.nl/mixed-martial-arts/ufc/2022/ufc-305-respect-tussen-adesanya-en-du-plessis_vid2219650/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.es/ciclismo/la-vuelta-2024-carlos-rodriguez-olvida-la-crono-y-ya-espera-que-llegue-la-montana-no-me-encontre-nada-comodo_vid2219682/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.fr/football/supercoupe-d-europe/2024-2025/kylian-mbappe-vinicius-junior-eduardo-camavinga-touche.-extraits-de-l-entrainement-du-real-madrid-en-video_vid2216993/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.it/calcio/serie-a/2024-2025/samardzic-a-bergamo-per-le-visite-mediche-con-l-atalanta_vid2219680/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.hu/kerekpar/vuelta-a-espana/2024/dramai-harc-a-masodpercekert-meglepetesgyoztes-a-vuelta-nyitoszakaszan_vid2219481/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.no/golf/fedex-st-jude-championship/2024/ligger-pa-andreplass-sa-skjer-dette-drama_vid30000618/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.no/golf/fedex-st-jude-championship/2024/ligger-pa-andreplass-sa-skjer-dette-drama_vid2219531/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.ro/tenis/western-southern-open-2/2024/rezumatul-partidei-dintre-zverev-si-shelton-de-la-cincinnati_vid2219657/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.com.tr/hentbol/olympic-games-paris-2024/2024/paris-2024-denmark-ile-germany-olimpiyatlarin-onemli-anlari_vid2215836/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://eurosport.tvn24.pl/kolarstwo/tour-de-france-kobiet/2024/kasia-niewiadoma-przed-ostatnim-8.-etapem-tour-de-france-kobiet_vid2219765/video.shtml',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _TOKEN = None
@@ -77,6 +118,7 @@ class EurosportIE(InfoExtractor):
     # actually defined in https://netsport.eurosport.io/?variables={"databaseId":<databaseId>,"playoutType":"VDP"}&extensions={"persistedQuery":{"version":1 ..
     # but this method require to get sha256 hash
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['DE', 'NL', 'EU', 'IT', 'FR']  # Not complete list but it should work
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
         if EurosportIE._TOKEN is None:
@@ -98,13 +140,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         for stream_type in json_data['attributes']['streaming']:
             if stream_type == 'hls':
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id, ext='mp4')
+                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id, ext='mp4', fatal=False)
             elif stream_type == 'dash':
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id)
+                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id, fatal=False)
             elif stream_type == 'mss':
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_ism_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id)
+                    traverse_obj(json_data, ('attributes', 'streaming', stream_type, 'url')), display_id, fatal=False)
 
             formats.extend(fmts)
             self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/khanacademy.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/khanacademy.py
index 3f03f9e4c..42eef3c92 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/khanacademy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/khanacademy.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 class KhanAcademyBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL_TEMPL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?khanacademy\.org/(?P<id>(?:[^/]+/){%s}%s[^?#/&]+)'
 
-    _PUBLISHED_CONTENT_VERSION = '171419ab20465d931b356f22d20527f13969bb70'
+    _PUBLISHED_CONTENT_VERSION = 'dc34750f0572c80f5effe7134082fe351143c1e4'
 
     def _parse_video(self, video):
         return {
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             query={
                 'fastly_cacheable': 'persist_until_publish',
                 'pcv': self._PUBLISHED_CONTENT_VERSION,
-                'hash': '1242644265',
+                'hash': '3712657851',
                 'variables': json.dumps({
                     'path': display_id,
                     'countryCode': 'US',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..852a4de3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class KikaIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'KiKA.de'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kika\.de/[\w/-]+/videos/(?P<id>[a-z-]+\d+)'
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['DE']
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.kika.de/logo/videos/logo-vom-samstag-einunddreissig-august-zweitausendvierundzwanzig-100',
+        'md5': 'fbfc8da483719ef06f396e5e5b938c69',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'logo-vom-samstag-einunddreissig-august-zweitausendvierundzwanzig-100',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20240831',
+            'timestamp': 1725126600,
+            'season_number': 2024,
+            'modified_date': '20240831',
+            'episode': 'Episode 476',
+            'episode_number': 476,
+            'season': 'Season 2024',
+            'duration': 634,
+            'title': 'logo! vom Samstag, 31. August 2024',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1725129983,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.kika.de/kaltstart/videos/video92498',
+        'md5': '710ece827e5055094afeb474beacb7aa',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'video92498',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '7. Wo ist Leo?',
+            'description': 'md5:fb48396a5b75068bcac1df74f1524920',
+            'duration': 436,
+            'timestamp': 1702926876,
+            'upload_date': '20231218',
+            'episode_number': 7,
+            'modified_date': '20240319',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1710880610,
+            'episode': 'Episode 7',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.kika.de/bernd-das-brot/astrobrot/videos/video90088',
+        'md5': 'ffd1b700d7de0a6616a1d08544c77294',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'video90088',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20221102',
+            'timestamp': 1667390580,
+            'duration': 197,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1711093771,
+            'episode_number': 8,
+            'title': 'Es ist nicht leicht, ein Astrobrot zu sein',
+            'modified_date': '20240322',
+            'description': 'md5:d3641deaf1b5515a160788b2be4159a9',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Episode 8',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        doc = self._download_json(f'https://www.kika.de/_next-api/proxy/v1/videos/{video_id}', video_id)
+        video_assets = self._download_json(doc['assets']['url'], video_id)
+
+        subtitles = {}
+        if ttml_resource := url_or_none(video_assets.get('videoSubtitle')):
+            subtitles['de'] = [{
+                'url': ttml_resource,
+                'ext': 'ttml',
+            }]
+        if webvtt_resource := url_or_none(video_assets.get('webvttUrl')):
+            subtitles.setdefault('de', []).append({
+                'url': webvtt_resource,
+                'ext': 'vtt',
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': list(self._extract_formats(video_assets, video_id)),
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(doc, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('date', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('modificationDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ((
+                    ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}),
+                    ('duration', {parse_duration})), any),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+    def _extract_formats(self, media_info, video_id):
+        for media in traverse_obj(media_info, ('assets', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+            stream_url = media['url']
+            ext = determine_ext(stream_url)
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                yield from self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    stream_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            else:
+                yield {
+                    'url': stream_url,
+                    'format_id': ext,
+                    **traverse_obj(media, {
+                        'width': ('frameWidth', {int_or_none}),
+                        'height': ('frameHeight', {int_or_none}),
+                        # NB: filesize is 0 if unknown, bitrate is -1 if unknown
+                        'filesize': ('fileSize', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                        'abr': ('bitrateAudio', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
+                        'vbr': ('bitrateVideo', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
+                    }),
+                }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mdr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mdr.py
index 46097fa20..dfda3cc53 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mdr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mdr.py
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 
 
 class MDRIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'MDR.DE and KiKA'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:mdr|kika)\.de/(?:.*)/[a-z-]+-?(?P<id>\d+)(?:_.+?)?\.html'
+    IE_DESC = 'MDR.DE'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mdr\.de/(?:.*)/[a-z-]+-?(?P<id>\d+)(?:_.+?)?\.html'
 
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['DE']
 
@@ -34,30 +34,6 @@ class MDRIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'MITTELDEUTSCHER RUNDFUNK',
         },
         'skip': '404 not found',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.kika.de/baumhaus/videos/video19636.html',
-        'md5': '4930515e36b06c111213e80d1e4aad0e',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '19636',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Baumhaus vom 30. Oktober 2015',
-            'duration': 134,
-            'uploader': 'KIKA',
-        },
-        'skip': '404 not found',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.kika.de/sendungen/einzelsendungen/weihnachtsprogramm/videos/video8182.html',
-        'md5': '5fe9c4dd7d71e3b238f04b8fdd588357',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '8182',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Beutolomäus und der geheime Weihnachtswunsch',
-            'description': 'md5:b69d32d7b2c55cbe86945ab309d39bbd',
-            'timestamp': 1482541200,
-            'upload_date': '20161224',
-            'duration': 4628,
-            'uploader': 'KIKA',
-        },
     }, {
         # audio with alternative playerURL pattern
         'url': 'http://www.mdr.de/kultur/videos-und-audios/audio-radio/operation-mindfuck-robert-wilson100.html',
@@ -68,28 +44,7 @@ class MDRIE(InfoExtractor):
             'duration': 3239,
             'uploader': 'MITTELDEUTSCHER RUNDFUNK',
         },
-    }, {
-        # empty bitrateVideo and bitrateAudio
-        'url': 'https://www.kika.de/filme/sendung128372_zc-572e3f45_zs-1d9fb70e.html',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '128372',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Der kleine Wichtel kehrt zurück',
-            'description': 'md5:f77fafdff90f7aa1e9dca14f662c052a',
-            'duration': 4876,
-            'timestamp': 1607823300,
-            'upload_date': '20201213',
-            'uploader': 'ZDF',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.kika.de/baumhaus/sendungen/video19636_zc-fea7f8a0_zs-4bf89c60.html',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.kika.de/sendungen/einzelsendungen/weihnachtsprogramm/einzelsendung2534.html',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'skip': '404 not found',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.mdr.de/mediathek/mdr-videos/a/video-1334.html',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py
index b0b6681c9..f94d6a3e7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
+    join_nonempty,
     time_seconds,
     try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ def _extract_performers(self, prog):
 
 
 class RadikoIE(RadikoBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radiko\.jp/#!/ts/(?P<station>[A-Z0-9-]+)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radiko\.jp/#!/ts/(?P<station>[A-Z0-9-]+)/(?P<timestring>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         # QRR (文化放送) station provides <desc>
@@ -183,8 +184,9 @@ class RadikoIE(RadikoBaseIE):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        station, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        vid_int = unified_timestamp(video_id, False)
+        station, timestring = self._match_valid_url(url).group('station', 'timestring')
+        video_id = join_nonempty(station, timestring)
+        vid_int = unified_timestamp(timestring, False)
         prog, station_program, ft, radio_begin, radio_end = self._find_program(video_id, station, vid_int)
 
         auth_token, area_id = self._auth_client()
@@ -207,7 +209,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'ft': radio_begin,
                     'end_at': radio_end,
                     'to': radio_end,
-                    'seek': video_id,
+                    'seek': timestring,
                 },
             ),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
index d389b3209..2c416811a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
     determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
     parse_qs,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
     url_or_none,
@@ -80,6 +81,8 @@ def _extract_formats(self, options, video_id):
                     'url': format_url,
                     'format_id': format_id,
                 })
+        for hls_url in traverse_obj(options, ('live_streams', 'hls', ..., 'url', {url_or_none})):
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(hls_url, video_id, ext='mp4', fatal=False))
         return formats
 
     def _download_and_extract_formats(self, video_id, query=None):
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ def _download_and_extract_formats(self, video_id, query=None):
 class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube videos'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video(?:/private)?|(?:play/)?embed)/(?P<id>[\da-z]{32})'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:(?:live/)?video(?:/private)?|(?:play/)?embed)/(?P<id>[\da-z]{32})'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+?src=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//rutube\.ru/(?:play/)?embed/[\da-z]{32}.*?)\1']
 
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -164,6 +167,29 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'uploader': 'Стас Быков',
         },
         'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/live/video/c58f502c7bb34a8fcdd976b221fca292/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'c58f502c7bb34a8fcdd976b221fca292',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'categories': ['Телепередачи'],
+            'description': '',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/14/19/14190807c0c48b40361aca93ad0867c7.jpg',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': '23460655',
+            'timestamp': 1652972968,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20220519',
+            'title': r're:Первый канал. Прямой эфир \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
+            'uploader': 'Первый канал',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/5ab908fccfac5bb43ef2b1e4182256b0/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/live/video/private/c58f502c7bb34a8fcdd976b221fca292/',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/samplefocus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/samplefocus.py
index 36ceb0254..3db3ce142 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/samplefocus.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/samplefocus.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class SampleFocusIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, impersonate=True)
 
         sample_id = self._search_regex(
             r'<input[^>]+id=(["\'])sample_id\1[^>]+value=(?:["\'])(?P<id>\d+)',
@@ -82,7 +82,15 @@ def extract_count(klass):
         return {
             'id': sample_id,
             'title': title,
-            'url': mp3_url,
+            'formats': [{
+                'url': mp3_url,
+                'ext': 'mp3',
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+                'acodec': 'mp3',
+                'http_headers': {
+                    'Referer': url,
+                },
+            }],
             'display_id': display_id,
             'thumbnail': thumbnail,
             'uploader': uploader,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvn24.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvn24.py
index 0dc43a9d4..a0590e4f7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvn24.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvn24.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 class TVN24IE(InfoExtractor):
     _WORKING = False
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:[^/]+)\.)?tvn24(?:bis)?\.pl/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?!eurosport)[^/]+\.)?tvn24(?:bis)?\.pl/(?:[^/?#]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/oredzie-artura-andrusa,702428.html',
         'md5': 'fbdec753d7bc29d96036808275f2130c',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
index d056797f3..aca94df2d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
@@ -1764,7 +1764,7 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'release_timestamp': 1659904215,
             'release_date': '20220807',
         },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'No longer available',
     }, {
         # post_live/TimedOut but downloadable
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/spaces/1vAxRAVQWONJl',
@@ -1780,6 +1780,8 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20230413',
             'release_timestamp': 1681839000,
             'release_date': '20230418',
+            'protocol': 'm3u8',  # ffmpeg is forced
+            'container': 'm4a_dash',  # audio-only format fixup is applied
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
@@ -1790,11 +1792,31 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'ext': 'm4a',
             'title': 'あ',
             'description': 'Twitter Space participated by nobody yet',
-            'uploader': '息根とめる🔪Twitchで復活',
+            'uploader': '息根とめる',
             'uploader_id': 'tomeru_ikinone',
             'live_status': 'was_live',
             'timestamp': 1685617198,
             'upload_date': '20230601',
+            'protocol': 'm3u8',  # ffmpeg is forced
+            'container': 'm4a_dash',  # audio-only format fixup is applied
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        # Video Space
+        'url': 'https://x.com/i/spaces/1DXGydznBYWKM',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1DXGydznBYWKM',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'America and Israel’s “special relationship”',
+            'description': 'Twitter Space participated by nobody yet',
+            'uploader': 'Candace Owens',
+            'uploader_id': 'RealCandaceO',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'timestamp': 1723931351,
+            'upload_date': '20240817',
+            'release_timestamp': 1723932000,
+            'release_date': '20240817',
+            'protocol': 'm3u8_native',  # not ffmpeg, detected as video space
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
@@ -1854,13 +1876,17 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             source = traverse_obj(
                 self._call_api(f'live_video_stream/status/{metadata["media_key"]}', metadata['media_key']),
                 ('source', ('noRedirectPlaybackUrl', 'location'), {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
-            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(  # XXX: Some Spaces need ffmpeg as downloader
-                source, metadata['media_key'], 'm4a', entry_protocol='m3u8', live=is_live,
-                headers=headers, fatal=False) if source else []
-            for fmt in formats:
-                fmt.update({'vcodec': 'none', 'acodec': 'aac'})
-                if not is_live:
-                    fmt['container'] = 'm4a_dash'
+            is_audio_space = source and 'audio-space' in source
+            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                source, metadata['media_key'], 'm4a' if is_audio_space else 'mp4',
+                # XXX: Some audio-only Spaces need ffmpeg as downloader
+                entry_protocol='m3u8' if is_audio_space else 'm3u8_native',
+                live=is_live, headers=headers, fatal=False) if source else []
+            if is_audio_space:
+                for fmt in formats:
+                    fmt.update({'vcodec': 'none', 'acodec': 'aac'})
+                    if not is_live:
+                        fmt['container'] = 'm4a_dash'
 
         participants = ', '.join(traverse_obj(
             space_data, ('participants', 'speakers', ..., 'display_name'))) or 'nobody yet'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vidflex.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidflex.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce0880b47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidflex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+import base64
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class VidflexIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _DOMAINS_RE = [
+        r'[^.]+\.vidflex\.tv',
+        r'(?:www\.)?acactv\.ca',
+        r'(?:www\.)?albertalacrossetv\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?cjfltv\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?figureitoutbaseball\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?ocaalive\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?pegasussports\.tv',
+        r'(?:www\.)?praxisseries\.ca',
+        r'(?:www\.)?silenticetv\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?tuffhedemantv\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?watchfuntv\.com',
+        r'live\.ofsaa\.on\.ca',
+        r'tv\.procoro\.ca',
+        r'tv\.realcastmedia\.net',
+        r'tv\.fringetheatre\.ca',
+        r'video\.haisla\.ca',
+        r'video\.hockeycanada\.ca',
+        r'video\.huuayaht\.org',
+        r'video\.turningpointensemble\.ca',
+        r'videos\.livingworks\.net',
+        r'videos\.telusworldofscienceedmonton\.ca',
+        r'watch\.binghamtonbulldogs\.com',
+        r'watch\.rekindle\.tv',
+        r'watch\.wpca\.com',
+    ]
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:{"|".join(_DOMAINS_RE)})/[a-z]{{2}}(?:-[a-z]{{2}})?/c/[\w-]+\.(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://video.hockeycanada.ca/en/c/nwt-micd-up-with-jamie-lee-rattray.107486',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # m3u8 + https
+        'url': 'https://video.hockeycanada.ca/en-us/c/nwt-micd-up-with-jamie-lee-rattray.107486',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '107486',
+            'title': 'NWT: Mic’d up with Jamie Lee Rattray',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 115,
+            'timestamp': 1634310409,
+            'upload_date': '20211015',
+            'tags': ['English', '2021', "National Women's Team"],
+            'description': 'md5:efb1cf6165b48cc3f5555c4262dd5b23',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://wpmedia01-a\.akamaihd\.net/en/asset/public/image/.+',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.hockeycanada.ca/en/c/mwc-remembering-the-wild-ride-in-riga.112307',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '112307',
+            'title': 'MWC: Remembering the wild ride in Riga',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 322,
+            'timestamp': 1716235607,
+            'upload_date': '20240520',
+            'tags': ['English', '2024', "National Men's Team", 'IIHF World Championship', 'Fan'],
+            'description': r're:.+Canada’s National Men’s Team.+',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://wpmedia01-a\.akamaihd\.net/en/asset/public/image/.+',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        # the same video in French
+        'url': 'https://video.hockeycanada.ca/fr/c/cmm-retour-sur-un-parcours-endiable-a-riga.112304',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '112304',
+            'title': 'CMM : Retour sur un parcours endiablé à Riga',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 322,
+            'timestamp': 1716235545,
+            'upload_date': '20240520',
+            'tags': ['French', '2024', "National Men's Team", 'IIHF World Championship', 'Fan'],
+            'description': 'md5:cf825222882a3dab1cd62cffcf3b4d1f',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://wpmedia01-a\.akamaihd\.net/en/asset/public/image/.+',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://myfbcgreenville.vidflex.tv/en/c/may-12th-2024.658',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.figureitoutbaseball.com/en/c/fiob-podcast-14-dan-bertolini-ncaa-d1-head-coach-recorded-11-29-2018.1367',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://videos.telusworldofscienceedmonton.ca/en/c/the-aurora-project-timelapse-4.577',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.tuffhedemantv.com/en/c/2022-tuff-hedeman-tour-hobbs-nm-january-22.227',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.albertalacrossetv.com/en/c/up-floor-ground-balls-one-more.3449',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.silenticetv.com/en/c/jp-unlocked-day-in-the-life-of-langley-ha-15u.5197',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://jphl.vidflex.tv/en/c/jp-unlocked-day-in-the-life-of-langley-ha-15u.5197',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        data_url = self._html_search_regex(
+            r'content_api:\s*(["\'])(?P<url>https?://(?:(?!\1).)+)\1', webpage, 'content api url', group='url')
+        media_config = traverse_obj(
+            self._download_json(data_url, video_id),
+            ('config', {base64.b64decode}, {bytes.decode}, {json.loads}, {dict}))
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': list(self._yield_formats(media_config, video_id)),
+            **self._search_json_ld(
+                webpage.replace('/*<![CDATA[*/', '').replace('/*]]>*/', ''), video_id),
+        }
+
+    def _yield_formats(self, media_config, video_id):
+        for media_source in traverse_obj(media_config, ('media', 'source', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['src']))):
+            media_url = media_source['src']
+            media_type = mimetype2ext(media_source.get('type'))
+
+            if media_type == 'm3u8':
+                yield from self._extract_m3u8_formats(media_url, video_id, fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls')
+            elif media_type == 'mp4':
+                bitrate = self._search_regex(r'_(\d+)k\.mp4', media_url, 'bitrate', default=None)
+                yield {
+                    'format_id': join_nonempty('http', bitrate),
+                    'url': media_url,
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'tbr': int_or_none(bitrate),
+                }
+            else:
+                yield {
+                    'url': media_url,
+                    'ext': media_type,
+                }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
index a20cf4b17..9a03948cd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
@@ -234,13 +234,30 @@ def _parse_config(self, config, video_id):
             '_format_sort_fields': ('quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source'),
         }
 
-    def _extract_original_format(self, url, video_id, unlisted_hash=None):
+    def _call_videos_api(self, video_id, jwt_token, unlisted_hash=None, **kwargs):
+        return self._download_json(
+            join_nonempty(f'https://api.vimeo.com/videos/{video_id}', unlisted_hash, delim=':'),
+            video_id, 'Downloading API JSON', headers={
+                'Authorization': f'jwt {jwt_token}',
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+            }, query={
+                'fields': ','.join((
+                    'config_url', 'created_time', 'description', 'download', 'license',
+                    'metadata.connections.comments.total', 'metadata.connections.likes.total',
+                    'release_time', 'stats.plays')),
+            }, **kwargs)
+
+    def _extract_original_format(self, url, video_id, unlisted_hash=None, jwt=None, api_data=None):
+        # Original/source formats are only available when logged in
+        if not self._get_cookies('https://vimeo.com/').get('vimeo'):
+            return
+
         query = {'action': 'load_download_config'}
         if unlisted_hash:
             query['unlisted_hash'] = unlisted_hash
         download_data = self._download_json(
-            url, video_id, fatal=False, query=query,
-            headers={'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
+            url, video_id, 'Loading download config JSON', fatal=False,
+            query=query, headers={'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
             expected_status=(403, 404)) or {}
         source_file = download_data.get('source_file')
         download_url = try_get(source_file, lambda x: x['download_url'])
@@ -261,15 +278,13 @@ def _extract_original_format(self, url, video_id, unlisted_hash=None):
                     'quality': 1,
                 }
 
-        jwt_response = self._download_json(
-            'https://vimeo.com/_rv/viewer', video_id, note='Downloading jwt token', fatal=False) or {}
-        if not jwt_response.get('jwt'):
+        jwt = jwt or traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            'https://vimeo.com/_rv/viewer', video_id, 'Downloading jwt token', fatal=False), ('jwt', {str}))
+        if not jwt:
             return
-        headers = {'Authorization': 'jwt {}'.format(jwt_response['jwt']), 'Accept': 'application/json'}
-        original_response = self._download_json(
-            f'https://api.vimeo.com/videos/{video_id}', video_id,
-            headers=headers, fatal=False, expected_status=(403, 404)) or {}
-        for download_data in original_response.get('download') or []:
+        original_response = api_data or self._call_videos_api(
+            video_id, jwt, unlisted_hash, fatal=False, expected_status=(403, 404))
+        for download_data in traverse_obj(original_response, ('download', ..., {dict})):
             download_url = download_data.get('link')
             if not download_url or download_data.get('quality') != 'source':
                 continue
@@ -354,7 +369,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             'skip': 'No longer available',
         },
         {
-            'url': 'http://player.vimeo.com/video/54469442',
+            'url': 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/54469442',
             'md5': '619b811a4417aa4abe78dc653becf511',
             'note': 'Videos that embed the url in the player page',
             'info_dict': {
@@ -370,6 +385,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             'params': {
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://vimeo.com/68375962',
@@ -379,22 +395,23 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'id': '68375962',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'youtube-dl password protected test video',
-                'timestamp': 1371200155,
+                'timestamp': 1371214555,
                 'upload_date': '20130614',
+                'release_timestamp': 1371214555,
+                'release_date': '20130614',
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com/user18948128',
                 'uploader_id': 'user18948128',
                 'uploader': 'Jaime Marquínez Ferrándiz',
                 'duration': 10,
-                'description': 'md5:6173f270cd0c0119f22817204b3eb86c',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d_1280',
-                'view_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'like_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d_1280',
             },
             'params': {
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
                 'videopassword': 'youtube-dl',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://vimeo.com/channels/keypeele/75629013',
@@ -418,29 +435,38 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
             },
             'params': {'format': 'http-1080p'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://vimeo.com/76979871',
             'note': 'Video with subtitles',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '76979871',
-                'ext': 'mov',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'The New Vimeo Player (You Know, For Videos)',
-                'description': 'md5:2ec900bf97c3f389378a96aee11260ea',
-                'timestamp': 1381846109,
+                'description': str,  # FIXME: Dynamic SEO spam description
+                'timestamp': 1381860509,
                 'upload_date': '20131015',
+                'release_timestamp': 1381860509,
+                'release_date': '20131015',
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com/staff',
                 'uploader_id': 'staff',
-                'uploader': 'Vimeo Staff',
+                'uploader': 'Vimeo',
                 'duration': 62,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/452001751-8216e0571c251a09d7a8387550942d89f7f86f6398f8ed886e639b0dd50d3c90-d_1280',
                 'subtitles': {
-                    'de': [{'ext': 'vtt'}],
-                    'en': [{'ext': 'vtt'}],
-                    'es': [{'ext': 'vtt'}],
-                    'fr': [{'ext': 'vtt'}],
+                    'de': 'count:3',
+                    'en': 'count:3',
+                    'es': 'count:3',
+                    'fr': 'count:3',
                 },
             },
-            'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest'],
+            'expected_warnings': [
+                'Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest',
+                'Failed to parse XML: not well-formed',
+            ],
         },
         {
             # from https://www.ouya.tv/game/Pier-Solar-and-the-Great-Architects/
@@ -456,11 +482,12 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 118,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/478636036-c18440305ef3df9decfb6bf207a61fe39d2d17fa462a96f6f2d93d30492b037d-d_1280',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
-            # contains original format
+            # contains Original format
             'url': 'https://vimeo.com/33951933',
-            'md5': '53c688fa95a55bf4b7293d37a89c5c53',
+            # 'md5': '53c688fa95a55bf4b7293d37a89c5c53',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '33951933',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -476,15 +503,19 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'view_count': int,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/231174622-dd07f015e9221ff529d451e1cc31c982b5d87bfafa48c4189b1da72824ee289a-d_1280',
                 'like_count': int,
+                'tags': 'count:11',
             },
+            # 'params': {'format': 'Original'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
-            'note': 'Contains original format not accessible in webpage',
+            'note': 'Contains source format not accessible in webpage',
             'url': 'https://vimeo.com/393756517',
-            'md5': 'c464af248b592190a5ffbb5d33f382b0',
+            # 'md5': 'c464af248b592190a5ffbb5d33f382b0',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '393756517',
-                'ext': 'mov',
+                # 'ext': 'mov',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
                 'timestamp': 1582642091,
                 'uploader_id': 'frameworkla',
                 'title': 'Straight To Hell - Sabrina: Netflix',
@@ -495,6 +526,8 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/859377297-836494a4ef775e9d4edbace83937d9ad34dc846c688c0c419c0e87f7ab06c4b3-d_1280',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/frameworkla',
             },
+            # 'params': {'format': 'source'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             # only available via https://vimeo.com/channels/tributes/6213729 and
@@ -511,16 +544,18 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_id': 'tributes',
                 'timestamp': 1250886430,
                 'upload_date': '20090821',
-                'description': 'md5:bdbf314014e58713e6e5b66eb252f4a6',
+                'description': str,  # FIXME: Dynamic SEO spam description
                 'duration': 321,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'view_count': int,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/22728298-bfc22146f930de7cf497821c7b0b9f168099201ecca39b00b6bd31fcedfca7a6-d_1280',
                 'like_count': int,
+                'tags': ['[the shining', 'vimeohq', 'cv', 'vimeo tribute]'],
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             # redirects to ondemand extractor and should be passed through it
@@ -543,28 +578,23 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             'skip': 'this page is no longer available.',
         },
         {
-            'url': 'http://player.vimeo.com/video/68375962',
+            'url': 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/68375962',
             'md5': 'aaf896bdb7ddd6476df50007a0ac0ae7',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '68375962',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'youtube-dl password protected test video',
-                'timestamp': 1371200155,
-                'upload_date': '20130614',
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com/user18948128',
                 'uploader_id': 'user18948128',
                 'uploader': 'Jaime Marquínez Ferrándiz',
                 'duration': 10,
-                'description': 'md5:6173f270cd0c0119f22817204b3eb86c',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d_1280',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'like_count': int,
             },
             'params': {
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
                 'videopassword': 'youtube-dl',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://vimeo.com/moogaloop.swf?clip_id=2539741',
@@ -592,7 +622,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': "youtube-dl test video '' ä↭𝕐-BaW jenozKc",
                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
                 'uploader_id': 'user20132939',
-                'description': 'md5:fa7b6c6d8db0bdc353893df2f111855b',
+                'description': str,  # FIXME: Dynamic SEO spam description
                 'upload_date': '20150209',
                 'timestamp': 1423518307,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/default_1280',
@@ -606,6 +636,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
                 'videopassword': 'youtube-dl',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             # source file returns 403: Forbidden
@@ -633,11 +664,13 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'release_date': '20160329',
             },
             'params': {'skip_download': True},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://vimeo.com/138909882',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '138909882',
+                # 'ext': 'm4v',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Eastnor Castle 2015 Firework Champions - The Promo!',
                 'description': 'md5:5967e090768a831488f6e74b7821b3c1',
@@ -645,11 +678,19 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'uploader': 'Firework Champions',
                 'upload_date': '20150910',
                 'timestamp': 1441901895,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/534715882-6ff8e4660cbf2fea68282876d8d44f318825dfe572cc4016e73b3266eac8ae3a-d_1280',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/fireworkchampions',
+                'tags': 'count:6',
+                'duration': 229,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'comment_count': int,
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
-                'format': 'Original',
+                # 'format': 'source',
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://vimeo.com/channels/staffpicks/143603739',
@@ -670,8 +711,10 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/karimhd',
                 'channel_url': 'https://vimeo.com/channels/staffpicks',
+                'tags': 'count:6',
             },
             'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             # requires passing unlisted_hash(a52724358e) to load_download_config request
@@ -701,6 +744,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
         {
             # chapters must be sorted, see: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5308
@@ -735,6 +779,48 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             },
             'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
+        {
+            # vimeo.com URL with unlisted hash and Original format
+            'url': 'https://vimeo.com/144579403/ec02229140',
+            # 'md5': '6b662c2884e0373183fbde2a0d15cb78',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '144579403',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'SALESMANSHIP',
+                'description': 'md5:4338302f347a1ff8841b4a3aecaa09f0',
+                'uploader': 'Off the Picture Pictures',
+                'uploader_id': 'offthepicturepictures',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/offthepicturepictures',
+                'duration': 669,
+                'upload_date': '20151104',
+                'timestamp': 1446607180,
+                'release_date': '20151104',
+                'release_timestamp': 1446607180,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1018638656-[\da-f]+-d_1280',
+            },
+            # 'params': {'format': 'Original'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+        },
+        {
+            # player.vimeo.com URL with source format
+            'url': 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/859028877',
+            # 'md5': '19ca3d2463441dee2d2f0671ac2916a2',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '859028877',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Ariana Grande - Honeymoon Avenue (Live from London)',
+                'uploader': 'Raja Virdi',
+                'uploader_id': 'rajavirdi',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/rajavirdi',
+                'duration': 309,
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1716727772-[\da-f]+-d_1280',
+            },
+            # 'params': {'format': 'source'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+        },
         {
             # user playlist alias -> https://vimeo.com/258705797
             'url': 'https://vimeo.com/user26785108/newspiritualguide',
@@ -768,16 +854,6 @@ def _verify_player_video_password(self, url, video_id, headers):
             raise ExtractorError('Wrong video password', expected=True)
         return checked
 
-    def _call_videos_api(self, video_id, jwt_token, unlisted_hash=None):
-        return self._download_json(
-            join_nonempty(f'https://api.vimeo.com/videos/{video_id}', unlisted_hash, delim=':'),
-            video_id, 'Downloading API JSON', headers={
-                'Authorization': f'jwt {jwt_token}',
-                'Accept': 'application/json',
-            }, query={
-                'fields': 'config_url,created_time,description,license,metadata.connections.comments.total,metadata.connections.likes.total,release_time,stats.plays',
-            })
-
     def _extract_from_api(self, video_id, unlisted_hash=None):
         viewer = self._download_json(
             'https://vimeo.com/_next/viewer', video_id, 'Downloading viewer info')
@@ -798,6 +874,11 @@ def _extract_from_api(self, video_id, unlisted_hash=None):
 
         info = self._parse_config(self._download_json(
             video['config_url'], video_id), video_id)
+        source_format = self._extract_original_format(
+            f'https://vimeo.com/{video_id}', video_id, unlisted_hash, jwt=viewer['jwt'], api_data=video)
+        if source_format:
+            info['formats'].append(source_format)
+
         get_timestamp = lambda x: parse_iso8601(video.get(x + '_time'))
         info.update({
             'description': video.get('description'),
@@ -899,7 +980,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             if config.get('view') == 4:
                 config = self._verify_player_video_password(
                     redirect_url, video_id, headers)
-            return self._parse_config(config, video_id)
+            info = self._parse_config(config, video_id)
+            source_format = self._extract_original_format(
+                f'https://vimeo.com/{video_id}', video_id, unlisted_hash)
+            if source_format:
+                info['formats'].append(source_format)
+            return info
 
         vimeo_config = self._extract_vimeo_config(webpage, video_id, default=None)
         if vimeo_config:
@@ -1269,6 +1355,20 @@ class VimeoReviewIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'Review pages on vimeo'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://vimeo\.com/(?P<user>[^/?#]+)/review/(?P<id>\d+)/(?P<hash>[\da-f]{10})'
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/user170863801/review/996447483/a316d6ed8d',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '996447483',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Rodeo day 1-_2',
+            'uploader': 'BROADKAST',
+            'uploader_id': 'user170863801',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user170863801',
+            'duration': 30,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1912612821-09a43bd2e75c203d503aed89de7534f28fc4474a48f59c51999716931a246af5-d_1280',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML'],
+    }, {
         'url': 'https://vimeo.com/user21297594/review/75524534/3c257a1b5d',
         'md5': 'c507a72f780cacc12b2248bb4006d253',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -1282,6 +1382,7 @@ class VimeoReviewIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/450115033-43303819d9ebe24c2630352e18b7056d25197d09b3ae901abdac4c4f1d68de71-d_1280',
             'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user21297594',
         },
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
     }, {
         'note': 'video player needs Referer',
         'url': 'https://vimeo.com/user22258446/review/91613211/13f927e053',
@@ -1316,6 +1417,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         user, video_id, review_hash = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user', 'id', 'hash')
         data_url = f'https://vimeo.com/{user}/review/data/{video_id}/{review_hash}'
         data = self._download_json(data_url, video_id)
+        viewer = {}
         if data.get('isLocked') is True:
             video_password = self._get_video_password()
             viewer = self._download_json(
@@ -1327,8 +1429,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         config = self._download_json(config_url, video_id)
         info_dict = self._parse_config(config, video_id)
         source_format = self._extract_original_format(
-            f'https://vimeo.com/{user}/review/{video_id}/{review_hash}/action', video_id,
-            unlisted_hash=traverse_obj(config_url, ({parse_qs}, 'h', -1)))
+            f'https://vimeo.com/{user}/review/{video_id}/{review_hash}/action',
+            video_id, unlisted_hash=clip_data.get('unlistedHash'), jwt=viewer.get('jwt'))
         if source_format:
             info_dict['formats'].append(source_format)
         info_dict['description'] = clean_html(clip_data.get('description'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
index 492af1154..21b765b91 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
@@ -47,10 +47,7 @@
 # 2: "AttributeError: 'ClientConnection' object has no attribute 'recv_events_exc'. Did you mean: 'recv_events'?"
 import websockets.sync.connection  # isort: split
 with contextlib.suppress(Exception):
-    # > 12.0
     websockets.sync.connection.Connection.recv_exc = None
-    # 12.0
-    websockets.sync.connection.Connection.recv_events_exc = None
 
 
 class WebsocketsResponseAdapter(WebSocketResponse):
@@ -162,7 +159,7 @@ def _send(self, request):
                 additional_headers=headers,
                 open_timeout=timeout,
                 user_agent_header=None,
-                ssl_context=ssl_ctx if wsuri.secure else None,
+                ssl=ssl_ctx if wsuri.secure else None,
                 close_timeout=0,  # not ideal, but prevents yt-dlp hanging
             )
             return WebsocketsResponseAdapter(conn, url=request.url)