Simple Ruby Version Management: rbenv

rbenv lets you easily switch between multiple versions of Ruby. It's simple, unobtrusive, and follows the UNIX tradition of single-purpose tools that do one thing well.

rbenv does…

• Let you change the global Ruby version on a per-user basis.
• Provide support for per-project Ruby versions.
• Allow you to override the Ruby version with an environment variable.

In contrast with rvm, rbenv does not…

• Need to be loaded into your shell. Instead, rbenv's shim approach works by adding a directory to your $PATH.
• Override shell commands like cd. That's dangerous and error-prone.
• Have a configuration file. There's nothing to configure except which version of Ruby you want to use.
• Install Ruby. You can build and install Ruby yourself, or use ruby-build to automate the process.
• Manage gemsets. Bundler is a better way to manage application dependencies. If you have projects that are not yet using Bundler you can install the rbenv-gemset plugin.
• Require changes to Ruby libraries for compatibility. The simplicity of rbenv means as long as it's in your $PATH, nothing else needs to know about it.
• Prompt you with warnings when you switch to a project. Instead of executing arbitrary code, rbenv reads just the version name from each project. There's nothing to "trust."

Table of Contents

• 1 How It Works
• 2 Installation
• 3 Usage
  • 3.1 rbenv global
  • 3.2 rbenv local
  • 3.3 rbenv shell
  • 3.4 rbenv versions
  • 3.5 rbenv version
  • 3.6 rbenv rehash
  • 3.7 rbenv which
  • 3.8 rbenv whence
• 4 Contributing
  • 4.1 License

1 How It Works

rbenv operates on the per-user directory ~/.rbenv. Version names in rbenv correspond to subdirectories of ~/.rbenv/versions. For example, you might have ~/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p354 and ~/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-rc1.

Each version is a working tree with its own binaries, like ~/.rbenv/versions/1.8.7-p354/bin/ruby and ~/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-rc1/bin/irb. rbenv makes shim binaries for every such binary across all installed versions of Ruby.

These shims are simple wrapper scripts that live in ~/.rbenv/shims and detect which Ruby version you want to use. They insert the directory for the selected version at the beginning of your $PATH and then execute the corresponding binary.

Because of the simplicity of the shim approach, all you need to use rbenv is ~/.rbenv/shims in your $PATH.

2 Installation

rbenv is a young project, so for now you must install it from source.

Compatibility note: rbenv is incompatible with rvm. Things will appear to work until you try to install a gem. The problem is that rvm actually overrides the gem command with a shell function! Please remove any references to rvm before using rbenv.

1. Check out rbenv into ~/.rbenv.

    $ cd
    $ git clone git://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv.git .rbenv
   

2. Add ~/.rbenv/bin to your $PATH for access to the rbenv command-line utility.

    $ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> .bash_profile
   

   zsh users should add this line to .zshrc instead:

    $ echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> .zshrc
   

3. Add rbenv's shims directory to your $PATH and set up Bash autocompletion. (If you prefer not to load rbenv in your shell, you can manually add $HOME/.rbenv/shims to your path in step 2.)

    $ echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> .bash_profile
   

   zsh users should add this line to .zshrc instead:

    $ echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> .zshrc
   

4. Restart your shell so the path changes take effect. You can now begin using rbenv.

    $ exec $SHELL
   

5. Install Ruby versions into ~/.rbenv/versions. For example, to install Ruby 1.9.2-p290, download and unpack the source, then run:

    $ ./configure --prefix=$HOME/.rbenv/versions/1.9.2-p290
    $ make
    $ make install
   

   The ruby-build provides an rbenv install command that simplifies the process of installing new Ruby versions to:

    $ rbenv install 1.9.2-p290
   

6. Rebuild the shim binaries. You should do this any time you install a new Ruby binary (for example, when installing a new Ruby version, or when installing a gem that provides a binary).

    $ rbenv rehash
   

3 Usage

Like git, the rbenv command delegates to subcommands based on its first argument. The most common subcommands are:

3.1 rbenv global

Sets the global version of Ruby to be used in all shells by writing the version name to the ~/.rbenv/version file. This version can be overridden by a per-project .rbenv-version file, or by setting the RBENV_VERSION environment variable.

$ rbenv global 1.9.2-p290

The special version name system tells rbenv to use the system Ruby (detected by searching your $PATH).

When run without a version number, rbenv global reports the currently configured global version.

3.2 rbenv local

Sets a local per-project Ruby version by writing the version name to an .rbenv-version file in the current directory. This version overrides the global, and can be overridden itself by setting the RBENV_VERSION environment variable or with the rbenv shell command.

$ rbenv local rbx-1.2.4

When run without a version number, rbenv local reports the currently configured local version. You can also unset the local version:

$ rbenv local --unset

3.3 rbenv shell

Sets a shell-specific Ruby version by setting the RBENV_VERSION environment variable in your shell. This version overrides both project-specific versions and the global version.

$ rbenv shell jruby-1.6.4

When run without a version number, rbenv shell reports the current value of RBENV_VERSION. You can also unset the shell version:

$ rbenv shell --unset

Note that you'll need rbenv's shell integration enabled (step 3 of the installation instructions) in order to use this command. If you prefer not to use shell integration, you may simply set the RBENV_VERSION variable yourself:

$ export RBENV_VERSION=jruby-1.6.4

3.4 rbenv versions

Lists all Ruby versions known to rbenv, and shows an asterisk next to the currently active version.

$ rbenv versions
  1.8.7-p352
  1.9.2-p290
* 1.9.3-rc1 (set by /Users/sam/.rbenv/global)
  jruby-1.6.4
  rbx-1.2.4
  ree-1.8.7-2011.03

3.5 rbenv version

Displays the currently active Ruby version, along with information on how it was set.

$ rbenv version
1.8.7-p352 (set by /Volumes/37signals/basecamp/.rbenv-version)

3.6 rbenv rehash

Installs shims for all Ruby binaries known to rbenv (i.e., ~/.rbenv/versions/*/bin/*). Run this command after you install a new version of Ruby, or install a gem that provides binaries.

$ rbenv rehash

3.7 rbenv which

Displays the full path to the binary that rbenv will execute when you run the given command.

$ rbenv which irb
/Users/sam/.rbenv/versions/1.9.2-p290/bin/irb

3.8 rbenv whence

Lists all Ruby versions with the given command installed.

$ rbenv whence rackup
1.9.3-rc1
jruby-1.6.4
ree-1.8.7-2011.03

4 Contributing

The rbenv source code is hosted on GitHub. It's clean, modular, and easy to understand, even if you're not a shell hacker.

Please feel free to submit pull requests and file bugs on the issue tracker.

4.1 License

(The MIT license)

Copyright (c) 2011 Sam Stephenson

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.