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Simplify init scheme; update & clarify the README

Browse source 
Now the setup is to add to both rc and profile:
1) set PYENV_ROOT
   (can do it unconditionally -- since if you change it,
   you need to update all places anyway since any of them can be run first)
2) Add `pyenv` to PATH if not already there
3) eval "$(pyenv init -)"

Not a breaking change, old setup will continue to work.
This commit is contained in:
Ivan Pozdeev 2022-04-04 01:08:49 +03:00
parent 32a86a84c0
commit 8439f8e187
4 changed files with 391 additions and 338 deletions
Show stats Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

7
.github/workflows/pyenv_tests.yml vendored
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@ -24,7 +24,12 @@ jobs:
# xz-utils tk-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev python-openssl git # xz-utils tk-dev libffi-dev liblzma-dev python-openssl git
# https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#installation # https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#installation
- run: | - run: |
if test "$RUNNER_OS" == "macOS"; then brew install coreutils; fi if test "$RUNNER_OS" == "macOS"; then
brew install coreutils fish
elif [[ $(lsb_release -sr | awk -F. '{print $1}') -ge 20 ]]; then
# Ubuntu 18 has fish 2 which lacks many features that facilitate testing
sudo apt install fish -yq
fi
- run: pwd - run: pwd
- env: - env:
PYENV_ROOT: /home/runner/work/pyenv/pyenv PYENV_ROOT: /home/runner/work/pyenv/pyenv

498
README.md
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This project was forked from [rbenv](https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv) and
![Terminal output example](/terminal_output.png) ![Terminal output example](/terminal_output.png)
### what pyenv _does..._ ### What pyenv _does..._
* Lets you **change the global Python version** on a per-user basis. * Lets you **change the global Python version** on a per-user basis.
* Provides support for **per-project Python versions**. * Provides support for **per-project Python versions**.
@ -27,12 +27,11 @@ This project was forked from [rbenv](https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv) and
* **Depend on Python itself.** pyenv was made from pure shell scripts. * **Depend on Python itself.** pyenv was made from pure shell scripts.
There is no bootstrap problem of Python. There is no bootstrap problem of Python.
* **Need to be loaded into your shell.** Instead, pyenv's shim * **Need to be loaded into your shell.** Instead, pyenv's shim
approach works by adding a directory to your `$PATH`. approach works by adding a directory to your `PATH`.
* **Manage virtualenv.** Of course, you can create [virtualenv](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv) * **Manage virtualenv.** Of course, you can create [virtualenv](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/virtualenv)
yourself, or [pyenv-virtualenv](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv) yourself, or [pyenv-virtualenv](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv)
to automate the process. to automate the process.
---- ----
@ -41,19 +40,27 @@ This project was forked from [rbenv](https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv) and
* **[How It Works](#how-it-works)** * **[How It Works](#how-it-works)**
* [Understanding PATH](#understanding-path) * [Understanding PATH](#understanding-path)
* [Understanding Shims](#understanding-shims) * [Understanding Shims](#understanding-shims)
* [Choosing the Python Version](#choosing-the-python-version) * [Understanding Python version selection](#understanding-python-version-selection)
* [Locating the Python Installation](#locating-the-python-installation) * [Locating Pyenv-provided Python Installations](#locating-pyenv-provided-python-installations)
* **[Installation](#installation)** * **[Installation](#installation)**
* [Prerequisites](#prerequisites) * [Getting Pyenv](#getting-pyenv)
* [Homebrew in macOS](#homebrew-in-macos) * [Homebrew in macOS](#homebrew-in-macos)
* [Windows](#windows) * [Windows](#windows)
* [Automatic installer](#automatic-installer) * [Automatic installer](#automatic-installer)
* [Basic GitHub Checkout](#basic-github-checkout) * [Basic GitHub Checkout](#basic-github-checkout)
* [Set up your shell environment for Pyenv](#set-up-your-shell-environment-for-pyenv)
* [Restart your shell](#restart-your-shell)
* [Install Python build dependencies](#install-python-build-dependencies)
* **[Usage](#usage)**
* [Install additional Python versions](#install-additional-python-versions)
* [Switch between Python versions](#switch-between-python-versions)
* [Uninstall Python versions](#uninstall-python-versions)
* [Other operations](#other-operations)
* [Upgrading](#upgrading) * [Upgrading](#upgrading)
* [Homebrew on macOS](#homebrew-on-macos) * [Uninstalling pyenv](#uninstalling-pyenv)
* [Advanced Configuration](#advanced-configuration) * [Advanced Configuration](#advanced-configuration)
* [Uninstalling Python Versions](#uninstalling-python-versions) * [Using Pyenv without shims](#using-pyenv-without-shims)
* **[Command Reference](#command-reference)** * [Environment variables](#environment-variables)
* **[Development](#development)** * **[Development](#development)**
* [Version History](#version-history) * [Version History](#version-history)
* [License](#license) * [License](#license)
@ -69,6 +76,7 @@ executables injected into your `PATH`, determines which Python version
has been specified by your application, and passes your commands along has been specified by your application, and passes your commands along
to the correct Python installation. to the correct Python installation.
### Understanding PATH ### Understanding PATH
When you run a command like `python` or `pip`, your operating system When you run a command like `python` or `pip`, your operating system
@ -84,6 +92,7 @@ precedence over another one at the end. In this example, the
`/usr/local/bin` directory will be searched first, then `/usr/bin`, `/usr/local/bin` directory will be searched first, then `/usr/bin`,
then `/bin`. then `/bin`.
### Understanding Shims ### Understanding Shims
pyenv works by inserting a directory of _shims_ at the front of your pyenv works by inserting a directory of _shims_ at the front of your
@ -104,7 +113,8 @@ operating system will do the following:
* Run the shim named `pip`, which in turn passes the command along to * Run the shim named `pip`, which in turn passes the command along to
pyenv pyenv
### Choosing the Python Version
### Understanding Python version selection
When you execute a shim, pyenv determines which Python version to use by When you execute a shim, pyenv determines which Python version to use by
reading it from the following sources, in this order: reading it from the following sources, in this order:
@ -122,25 +132,45 @@ reading it from the following sources, in this order:
directory, until reaching the root of your filesystem. directory, until reaching the root of your filesystem.
4. The global `$(pyenv root)/version` file. You can modify this file using 4. The global `$(pyenv root)/version` file. You can modify this file using
the [`pyenv global`](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/blob/master/COMMANDS.md#pyenv-global) command. If the global version the [`pyenv global`](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/blob/master/COMMANDS.md#pyenv-global) command.
file is not present, pyenv assumes you want to use the "system" If the global version file is not present, pyenv assumes you want to use the "system"
Python. (In other words, whatever version would run if pyenv weren't in your Python (see below).
`PATH`.)
A special version name "`system`" means to use whatever Python is found on `PATH`
after the shims `PATH` entry (in other words, whatever would be run if Pyenv
shims weren't on `PATH`). Note that Pyenv considers those installations outside
its control and does not attempt to inspect or distinguish them in any way.
So e.g. if you are on MacOS and have OS-bundled Python 3.8.9 and Homebrew-installed
Python 3.9.12 and 3.10.2 -- for Pyenv, this is still a single "`system`" version,
and whichever of those is first on `PATH` under the executable name you
specified will be run.
**NOTE:** You can activate multiple versions at the same time, including multiple **NOTE:** You can activate multiple versions at the same time, including multiple
versions of Python2 or Python3 simultaneously. This allows for parallel usage of versions of Python2 or Python3 simultaneously. This allows for parallel usage of
Python2 and Python3, and is required with tools like `tox`. For example, to set Python2 and Python3, and is required with tools like `tox`. For example, to instruct
your path to first use your `system` Python and Python3 (set to 2.7.9 and 3.4.2 Pyenv to first use your system Python and Python3 (which are e.g. 2.7.9 and 3.4.2)
in this example), but also have Python 3.3.6, 3.2, and 2.5 available on your but also have Python 3.3.6, 3.2.1, and 2.5.2 available, you first `pyenv install`
`PATH`, one would first `pyenv install` the missing versions, then set `pyenv the missing versions, then set `pyenv global system 3.3.6 3.2.1 2.5.2`.
global system 3.3.6 3.2 2.5`. At this point, one should be able to find the full Then you'll be able to invoke any of those versions with an appropriate `pythonX` or
executable path to each of these using `pyenv which`, e.g. `pyenv which python2.5` `pythonX.Y` name.
(should display `$(pyenv root)/versions/2.5/bin/python2.5`), or `pyenv which You can also specify multiple versions in a `.python-version` file by hand,
python3.4` (should display path to system Python3). You can also specify multiple separated by newlines. Lines starting with a `#` are ignored.
versions in a `.python-version` file, separated by newlines.
Lines starting with a `#` are ignored.
### Locating the Python Installation [`pyenv which <command>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-which) displays which real executable would be
run when you invoke `<command>` via a shim.
E.g. if you have 3.3.6, 3.2.1 and 2.5.2 installed of which 3.3.6 and 2.5.2 are selected
and your system Python is 3.2.5,
`pyenv which python2.5` should display `$(pyenv root)/versions/2.5.2/bin/python2.5`,
`pyenv which python3` -- `$(pyenv root)/versions/3.3.6/bin/python3` and
`pyenv which python3.2` -- path to your system Python due to the fall-through (see below).
Shims also fall through to anything further on `PATH` if the corresponding executable is
not present in any of the selected Python installations.
This allows you to use any programs installed elsewhere on the system as long as
they are not shadowed by a selected Python installation.
### Locating Pyenv-provided Python installations
Once pyenv has determined which version of Python your application has Once pyenv has determined which version of Python your application has
specified, it passes the command along to the corresponding Python specified, it passes the command along to the corresponding Python
@ -158,38 +188,29 @@ For example, you might have these versions installed:
As far as Pyenv is concerned, version names are simply directories under As far as Pyenv is concerned, version names are simply directories under
`$(pyenv root)/versions`. `$(pyenv root)/versions`.
### Managing Virtual Environments
There is a pyenv plugin named [pyenv-virtualenv](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv) which comes with various features to help pyenv users to manage virtual environments created by virtualenv or Anaconda.
Because the `activate` script of those virtual environments are relying on mutating `$PATH` variable of user's interactive shell, it will intercept pyenv's shim style command execution hooks.
We'd recommend to install pyenv-virtualenv as well if you have some plan to play with those virtual environments.
---- ----
## Installation ## Installation
### Prerequisites ### Getting Pyenv
#### Homebrew in macOS
For pyenv to install python correctly you should [**install the Python build dependencies**](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki#suggested-build-environment).
### Homebrew in macOS
1. Consider installing with [Homebrew](https://brew.sh): 1. Consider installing with [Homebrew](https://brew.sh):
```sh ```sh
brew update brew update
brew install pyenv brew install pyenv
``` ```
2. Then follow the rest of the post-installation steps under [Basic GitHub Checkout](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#basic-github-checkout), starting with #&#8203;2 ("Configure your shell's environment for Pyenv"). 2. Then follow the rest of the post-installation steps, starting with
[Set up your shell environment for Pyenv](#set-up-your-shell-environment-for-pyenv).
3. OPTIONAL. To fix `brew doctor`'s warning _""config" scripts exist outside your system or Homebrew directories"_ 3. OPTIONAL. To fix `brew doctor`'s warning _""config" scripts exist outside your system or Homebrew directories"_
If you're going to build Homebrew formulae from source that link against `libpython` If you're going to build Homebrew formulae from source that link against Python
like Tkinter or NumPy like Tkinter or NumPy
_(This is only generally the case if you are a developer of such a formula, _(This is only generally the case if you are a developer of such a formula,
or if you have an EOL version of MacOS for which prebuilt bottles are no longer available or if you have an EOL version of MacOS for which prebuilt bottles are no longer provided
and are using such a formula)._ and you are using such a formula)._
To avoid them accidentally linking against a Pyenv-provided Python, To avoid them accidentally linking against a Pyenv-provided Python,
add the following line into your interactive shell's configuration: add the following line into your interactive shell's configuration:
@ -206,180 +227,98 @@ For pyenv to install python correctly you should [**install the Python build dep
alias brew="env PATH=(string replace (pyenv root)/shims '' \"\$PATH\") brew" alias brew="env PATH=(string replace (pyenv root)/shims '' \"\$PATH\") brew"
~~~ ~~~
### Windows
#### Windows
Pyenv does not officially support Windows and does not work in Windows outside Pyenv does not officially support Windows and does not work in Windows outside
the Windows Subsystem for Linux. the Windows Subsystem for Linux.
Moreover, even there, the Pythons it installs are not native Windows versions Moreover, even there, the Pythons it installs are not native Windows versions
but rather Linux versions run through a compatibility layer -- but rather Linux versions running in a virtual machine --
so you won't get Windows-specific functionality. so you won't get Windows-specific functionality.
If you're in Windows, we recommend using @kirankotari's [`pyenv-win`](https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win) fork -- If you're in Windows, we recommend using @kirankotari's [`pyenv-win`](https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win) fork --
which does install native Windows Python versions. which does install native Windows Python versions.
### Automatic installer #### Automatic installer
Visit our other project: Visit our other project:
https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer
### Basic GitHub Checkout #### Basic GitHub Checkout
This will get you going with the latest version of Pyenv and make it This will get you going with the latest version of Pyenv and make it
easy to fork and contribute any changes back upstream. easy to fork and contribute any changes back upstream.
1. **Check out Pyenv where you want it installed.** * **Check out Pyenv where you want it installed.**
A good place to choose is `$HOME/.pyenv` (but you can install it somewhere else): A good place to choose is `$HOME/.pyenv` (but you can install it somewhere else):
git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
Optionally, try to compile a dynamic Bash extension to speed up Pyenv. Don't * Optionally, try to compile a dynamic Bash extension to speed up Pyenv. Don't
worry if it fails; Pyenv will still work normally: worry if it fails; Pyenv will still work normally:
cd ~/.pyenv && src/configure && make -C src cd ~/.pyenv && src/configure && make -C src
2. **Configure your shell's environment for Pyenv**
**Note:** The below instructions for specific shells are designed for common shell setups; ### Set up your shell environment for Pyenv
they also install shell functions into interactive shells only.
If you have an uncommon setup and/or needs and they don't work for you,
use the [Advanced Configuration](#advanced-configuration)
section below to figure out what you need to do in your specific case.
**General MacOS note:** **Upgrade note:** The startup logic and instructions have been updated for simplicity in 2.3.0.
[Make sure that your terminal app is configured to run the shell as a login shell](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/MacOS-login-shell) The previous, more complicated configuration scheme for 2.0.0-2.2.5 still works.
(especially if you're using an alternative terminal app and/or shell).
The configuration samples for MacOS are written under this assumption and won't work otherwise.
- For **Bash**: * Define environment variable `PYENV_ROOT` to point to the path where
Pyenv will store its data. `$HOME/.pyenv` is the default.
If you installed Pyenv via Git checkout, we recommend
to set it to the same location as where you cloned it.
* Add the `pyenv` executable to your `PATH` if it's not already there
* run `eval "$(pyenv init -)"` to install `pyenv` into your shell as a shell function, enable shims and autocompletion
* You may run `eval "$(pyenv init --path)"` instead to just enable shims, without shell integration
- **If your `~/.profile` sources `~/.bashrc` (Debian, Ubuntu, Mint):** The below setup should work for the vast majority of users for commmon use cases.
See [Advanvced configuration](#advanced-configuration) for details and more configuration options.
- For **bash**:
Stock Bash startup files vary widely between distibutions in which of them source
which, under what circumstances, in what order and what additional configuration they perform.
As such, the most reliable way to get Pyenv in all environments is to append Pyenv
configuration commands to both `.bashrc` (for interactive shells)
and the profile file that Bash would use (for login shells).
First, add the commands to `~/.bashrc`:
~~~ bash ~~~ bash
# the sed invocation inserts the lines at the start of the file echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bashrc
# after any initial comment lines echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
sed -Ei -e '/^([^#]|$)/ {a \
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
a \
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
a \
' -e ':a' -e '$!{n;ba};}' ~/.profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >>~/.profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
~~~ ~~~
- **If your `~/.bash_profile` sources `~/.bashrc` (Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS):** Then, if you have `~/.profile`, `~/.bash_profile` or `~/.bash_login`, add the commands there as well.
If you have none of these, add them to `~/.profile`.
~~~ bash
sed -Ei -e '/^([^#]|$)/ {a \
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
a \
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
a \
' -e ':a' -e '$!{n;ba};}' ~/.bash_profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
~~~
- **If you have no `~/.bash_profile` and your `/etc/profile` sources `~/.bashrc` (SUSE):**
* to add to `~/.profile`:
~~~ bash ~~~ bash
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.profile echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.profile echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'if command -v pyenv >/dev/null; then eval "$(pyenv init -)"; fi' >> ~/.bashrc
~~~ ~~~
- **Otherwise if you have no stock `~/.profile` or `~/.bash_profile` (MacOS):** * to add to `~/.bash_profile`:
~~~ bash ~~~ bash
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.profile echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.profile echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'if [ -n "$PS1" -a -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then source ~/.bashrc; fi' >> ~/.profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
~~~ ~~~
In MacOS, make sure that your terminal app runs the shell as a login shell.
- **Temporary environments (CI, Docker, batch jobs):**
In CI/build environments, paths and the environment are usually already set up for you
in one of the above ways.
You may only need to install Pyenv as a shell function into the (noninteractive) shell
that runs the batch script, and only if you need subcommands that require `pyenv`
to be a shell function (e.g. `shell` and Pyenv-Virtualenv's `activate`).
~~~bash
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
~~~
If you are installing Pyenv yourself as part of the batch job,
after installing the files, run the following in the job's shell
to be able to use it.
~~~bash
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH" # if `pyenv` is not already on PATH
eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
~~~
**General Bash warning**: There are some systems where the `BASH_ENV` variable is configured
to point to `.bashrc`. On such systems, you should almost certainly put the
`eval "$(pyenv init -)"` line into `.bash_profile`, and **not** into `.bashrc`. Otherwise, you
may observe strange behaviour, such as `pyenv` getting into an infinite loop.
See [#264](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/issues/264) for details.
- For **Zsh**: - For **Zsh**:
- **MacOS, if Pyenv is installed with Homebrew:**
~~~ zsh ~~~ zsh
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.zprofile echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc
~~~ ~~~
Make sure that your terminal app runs the shell as a login shell. If you wish to get Pyenv in noninteractive login shells as well, also add the commands to `~/.zprofile` or `~/.zlogin`.
- **MacOS, if Pyenv is installed with a Git checkout:**
~~~ zsh
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.zprofile
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zprofile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.zprofile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc
~~~
Make sure that your terminal app runs the shell as a login shell.
- **Other OSes:**
~~~ zsh
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.zprofile
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zprofile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.zprofile
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init --path)"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc
~~~
- For **Fish shell**: - For **Fish shell**:
@ -393,32 +332,55 @@ easy to fork and contribute any changes back upstream.
And add this to `~/.config/fish/config.fish`: And add this to `~/.config/fish/config.fish`:
~~~ fish ~~~ fish
status is-login; and pyenv init --path | source pyenv init - | source
status is-interactive; and pyenv init - | source
~~~ ~~~
If Fish is not your login shell, also follow the Bash/Zsh instructions to add to `~/.profile`. **Bash warning**: There are some systems where the `BASH_ENV` variable is configured
to point to `.bashrc`. On such systems, you should almost certainly put the
`eval "$(pyenv init -)"` line into `.bash_profile`, and **not** into `.bashrc`. Otherwise, you
may observe strange behaviour, such as `pyenv` getting into an infinite loop.
See [#264](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/issues/264) for details.
**Proxy note**: If you use a proxy, export `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`, too. **Proxy note**: If you use a proxy, export `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`, too.
4. **Restart your login session for the changes to profile files to take effect.** ### Restart your shell
E.g. if you're in a GUI session, you need to fully log out and log back in.
In MacOS, restarting terminal windows is enough (because MacOS runs shells for the `PATH` changes to take effect.
in them as login shells by default).
5. [**Install Python build dependencies**](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki#suggested-build-environment) before attempting to install a new Python version.
6. **Install Python versions into `$(pyenv root)/versions`.**
For example, to download and install Python 2.7.8, run:
```sh ```sh
pyenv install 2.7.8 exec "$SHELL"
``` ```
**NOTE:** If you need to pass a `configure` option to a build, please use the
```CONFIGURE_OPTS``` environment variable.
**NOTE:** If you want to use proxy to download, please set the `http_proxy` and `https_proxy` ### Install Python build dependencies
[**Install Python build dependencies**](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki#suggested-build-environment)
before attempting to install a new Python version.
You can now begin using Pyenv.
----
## Usage
### Install additional Python versions
To install additonal Python versions, use [`pyenv install`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-install).
For example, to download and install Python 3.10.4, run:
```sh
pyenv install 3.10.4
```
**NOTE:** Most Pyenv-provided Python releases are source releases and are built
from source as part of installation (that's why you need Python build dependencies preinstalled).
You can pass options to Python's `configure` and compiler flags to customize the build,
see [_Special environment variables_ in Python-Build's README](plugins/python-build/README.md#special-environment-variables)
for details.
**NOTE:** If you want to use proxy for download, please set the `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`
environment variables. environment variables.
**NOTE:** If you are having trouble installing a Python version, **NOTE:** If you are having trouble installing a Python version,
@ -426,14 +388,62 @@ easy to fork and contribute any changes back upstream.
[Common Build Problems](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems). [Common Build Problems](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems).
#### Upgrading ### Switch between Python versions
To select a Pyenv-installed Python as the version to use, run one
of the following commands:
* [`pyenv shell <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell) -- select just for current shell session
* [`pyenv local <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-local) -- automatically select whenever you are in the current directory (or its subdirectories)
* [`pyenv global <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell) -- select globally for your user account
E.g. to select the above-mentioned newly-installed Python 3.10.4 as your preferred version to use:
~~~bash
pyenv global 3.10.4
~~~
Now whenever you invoke `python`, `pip` etc., an executable from the Pyenv-provided
3.10.4 installation will be run instead of the system Python.
Using "`system`" as a version name would reset the selection to your system-provided Python.
See [Understanding shims](#understanding-shims) and
[Understanding Python version selection](#understanding-python-version-selection)
for more details on how the selection works and more information on its usage.
### Uninstall Python versions
As time goes on, you will accumulate Python versions in your
`$(pyenv root)/versions` directory.
To remove old Python versions, use [`pyenv uninstall <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-uninstall).
Alternatively, you can simply `rm -rf` the directory of the version you want
to remove. You can find the directory of a particular Python version
with the `pyenv prefix` command, e.g. `pyenv prefix 2.6.8`.
Note however that plugins may run additional operations on uninstall
which you would need to do by hand as well. E.g. Pyenv-Virtualenv also
removes any virtual environments linked to the version being uninstalled.
### Other operations
Run `pyenv commands` to get a list of all available subcommands.
Run a subcommand with `--help` to get help on it, or see the [Commands Reference](COMMANDS.md).
Note that Pyenv plugins that you install may add their own subcommands.
## Upgrading
If you've installed Pyenv using Homebrew, upgrade using: If you've installed Pyenv using Homebrew, upgrade using:
```sh ```sh
brew upgrade pyenv brew upgrade pyenv
``` ```
If you've installed Pyenv using the instructions above, you can If you've installed Pyenv using Pyenv-installer or Git checkout, you can
upgrade your installation at any time using Git. upgrade your installation at any time using Git.
To upgrade to the latest development version of pyenv, use `git pull`: To upgrade to the latest development version of pyenv, use `git pull`:
@ -452,7 +462,7 @@ git tag
git checkout v0.1.0 git checkout v0.1.0
``` ```
### Uninstalling pyenv ## Uninstalling pyenv
The simplicity of pyenv makes it easy to temporarily disable it, or The simplicity of pyenv makes it easy to temporarily disable it, or
uninstall from the system. uninstall from the system.
@ -465,10 +475,10 @@ uninstall from the system.
`pyenv` will still be accessible on the command line, but your Python `pyenv` will still be accessible on the command line, but your Python
apps won't be affected by version switching. apps won't be affected by version switching.
2. To completely **uninstall** Pyenv, remove _all_ configuration lines for it 2. To completely **uninstall** Pyenv, remove _all_ Pyenv configuration lines
from your shell startup configuration, and then remove from your shell startup configuration, and then remove
its root directory. This will **delete all Python versions** that were its root directory. This will **delete all Python versions** that were
installed under `` $(pyenv root)/versions/ `` directory: installed under the `` $(pyenv root)/versions/ `` directory:
```sh ```sh
rm -rf $(pyenv root) rm -rf $(pyenv root)
@ -481,105 +491,94 @@ uninstall from the system.
brew uninstall pyenv brew uninstall pyenv
``` ```
### Advanced Configuration ## Advanced Configuration
Skip this section unless you must know what every line in your shell Skip this section unless you must know what every line in your shell
profile is doing. profile is doing.
`pyenv init` is the only command that crosses the line of loading
extra commands into your shell. Coming from RVM, some of you might be
opposed to this idea.
Also see the [Environment variables](#environment-variables) section Also see the [Environment variables](#environment-variables) section
for the environment variables that control Pyenv's behavior. for the environment variables that control Pyenv's behavior.
`pyenv init` is the only command that crosses the line of loading
* `eval "$(pyenv init --path)"`: extra commands into your shell. Coming from RVM, some of you might be
opposed to this idea. Here's what `eval "$(pyenv init -)"` actually does:
1. **Sets up your shims path.** This is the only requirement for pyenv to
function properly. You can do this by hand by prepending
`$(pyenv root)/shims` to your `$PATH`.
`eval "$(pyenv init --path)"` is supposed to be run in your session's login
shell startup script -- so that all processes in the session get access to
Pyenv's functionality and it only runs once,
avoiding breaking `PATH` in nested shells
(e.g. shells started from editors/IDEs).
In Linux, GUI managers typically act as a `sh` login shell, running
`/etc/profile` and `~/.profile` at their startup. MacOS' GUI doesn't do that,
so its terminal emulator apps run their shells as login shells by default
to compensate.
* `eval "$(pyenv init -)"`: 1. **Sets up the shims path.** This is what allows Pyenv to intercept
and redirect invocations of `python`, `pip` etc. transparently.
It prepends `$(pyenv root)/shims` to your `$PATH`.
It also deletes any other instances of `$(pyenv root)/shims` on `PATH`
which allows to invoke `eval "$(pyenv init -)"` multiple times without
getting duplicate `PATH` entries.
1. **Installs autocompletion.** This is entirely optional but pretty 2. **Installs autocompletion.** This is entirely optional but pretty
useful. Sourcing `$(pyenv root)/completions/pyenv.bash` will set that useful. Sourcing `$(pyenv root)/completions/pyenv.bash` will set that
up. There is also a `$(pyenv root)/completions/pyenv.zsh` for Zsh up. There are also completions for Zsh and Fish.
users.
2. **Rehashes shims.** From time to time you'll need to rebuild your 3. **Rehashes shims.** From time to time you'll need to rebuild your
shim files. Doing this on init makes sure everything is up to shim files. Doing this on init makes sure everything is up to
date. You can always run `pyenv rehash` manually. date. You can always run `pyenv rehash` manually.
3. **Installs `pyenv` into the current shell as a shell function.** 4. **Installs `pyenv` into the current shell as a shell function.**
This bit is also optional, but allows This bit is also optional, but allows
pyenv and plugins to change variables in your current shell, making pyenv and plugins to change variables in your current shell.
commands like `pyenv shell` possible. The sh dispatcher doesn't do This is required for some commands like `pyenv shell` to work.
The sh dispatcher doesn't do
anything crazy like override `cd` or hack your shell prompt, but if anything crazy like override `cd` or hack your shell prompt, but if
for some reason you need `pyenv` to be a real script rather than a for some reason you need `pyenv` to be a real script rather than a
shell function, you can safely skip it. shell function, you can safely skip it.
`eval "$(pyenv init -)"` is supposed to run at any interactive shell's `eval "$(pyenv init --path)"` only does item 1.
startup (including nested shells) so that you get completion and
convenience shell functions.
To see exactly what happens under the hood for yourself, run `pyenv init -` To see exactly what happens under the hood for yourself, run `pyenv init -`
or `pyenv init --path`. or `pyenv init --path`.
`eval "$(pyenv init -)"` is supposed to run at any interactive shell's
startup (including nested shells -- e.g. those invoked from editors)
so that you get completion and convenience shell functions.
`eval "$(pyenv init --path)"` can be used instead of `eval "$(pyenv init -)"`
to just enable shims, without shell integration. It can also be used to bump shims
to the front of `PATH` after some other logic has prepended stuff to `PATH`
that may shadow Pyenv's shims.
* In particular, in Debian-based distributions, the stock `~/.profile`
prepends per-user `bin` directories to `PATH` after having sourced `~/.bashrc`.
This necessitates appending a `pyenv init` call to `~/.profile` as well as `~/.bashrc`
in these distributions because the system's Pip places executables for
modules installed by a non-root user into those per-user `bin` directories.
### Using Pyenv without shims
If you don't want to use `pyenv init` and shims, you can still benefit If you don't want to use `pyenv init` and shims, you can still benefit
from pyenv's ability to install Python versions for you. Just run from pyenv's ability to install Python versions for you. Just run
`pyenv install` and you will find versions installed in `pyenv install` and you will find versions installed in
`$(pyenv root)/versions`, which you can manually execute or symlink `$(pyenv root)/versions`.
as required.
### Uninstalling Python Versions You can manually execute or symlink them as required,
or you can use [`pyenv exec <command>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-exec)
whenever you want `<command>` to be affected by Pyenv's version selection
as currently configured.
As time goes on, you will accumulate Python versions in your `pyenv exec` works by prepending `$(pyenv root)/versions/<selected version>/bin`
`$(pyenv root)/versions` directory. to `PATH` in the `<command>`'s environment, the same as what e.g. RVM does.
To remove old Python versions, `pyenv uninstall` command to automate
the removal process.
Alternatively, simply `rm -rf` the directory of the version you want
to remove. You can find the directory of a particular Python version
with the `pyenv prefix` command, e.g. `pyenv prefix 2.6.8`.
---- ### Environment variables
You can affect how Pyenv operates with the following settings:
## Command Reference
See [COMMANDS.md](COMMANDS.md).
----
## Environment variables
You can affect how pyenv operates with the following settings:
name | default | description name | default | description
-----|---------|------------ -----|---------|------------
`PYENV_VERSION` | | Specifies the Python version to be used.<br>Also see [`pyenv shell`](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/blob/master/COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell) `PYENV_VERSION` | | Specifies the Python version to be used.<br>Also see [`pyenv shell`]COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell)
`PYENV_ROOT` | `~/.pyenv` | Defines the directory under which Python versions and shims reside.<br>Also see `pyenv root` `PYENV_ROOT` | `~/.pyenv` | Defines the directory under which Python versions and shims reside.<br>Also see [`pyenv root`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-root)
`PYENV_DEBUG` | | Outputs debug information.<br>Also as: `pyenv --debug <subcommand>` `PYENV_DEBUG` | | Outputs debug information.<br>Also as: `pyenv --debug <subcommand>`
`PYENV_HOOK_PATH` | [_see wiki_][hooks] | Colon-separated list of paths searched for pyenv hooks. `PYENV_HOOK_PATH` | [_see wiki_][hooks] | Colon-separated list of paths searched for pyenv hooks.
`PYENV_DIR` | `$PWD` | Directory to start searching for `.python-version` files. `PYENV_DIR` | `$PWD` | Directory to start searching for `.python-version` files.
`PYTHON_BUILD_ARIA2_OPTS` | | Used to pass additional parameters to [`aria2`](https://aria2.github.io/).<br>If the `aria2c` binary is available on PATH, pyenv uses `aria2c` instead of `curl` or `wget` to download the Python Source code. If you have an unstable internet connection, you can use this variable to instruct `aria2` to accelerate the download.<br>In most cases, you will only need to use `-x 10 -k 1M` as value to `PYTHON_BUILD_ARIA2_OPTS` environment variable `PYTHON_BUILD_ARIA2_OPTS` | | Used to pass additional parameters to [`aria2`](https://aria2.github.io/).<br>If the `aria2c` binary is available on `PATH`, pyenv uses `aria2c` instead of `curl` or `wget` to download the Python Source code. If you have an unstable internet connection, you can use this variable to instruct `aria2` to accelerate the download.<br>In most cases, you will only need to use `-x 10 -k 1M` as value to `PYTHON_BUILD_ARIA2_OPTS` environment variable
----
## Development ## Development
@ -597,9 +596,6 @@ Please feel free to submit pull requests and file bugs on the [issue
tracker](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/issues). tracker](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/issues).
[pyenv-virtualenv]: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv#readme
[hooks]: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Authoring-plugins#pyenv-hooks
### Version History ### Version History
See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md). See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md).
@ -607,3 +603,7 @@ See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md).
### License ### License
[The MIT License](LICENSE) [The MIT License](LICENSE)
[pyenv-virtualenv]: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv#readme
[hooks]: https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Authoring-plugins#pyenv-hooks

47
libexec/pyenv-init
View file

@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ function main() {
;; ;;
"print") "print")
init_dirs init_dirs
print_path
print_env print_env
print_completion print_completion
print_shell_function print_shell_function
@ -74,7 +75,12 @@ function main() {
function help_() { function help_() {
case "$shell" in case "$shell" in
bash ) bash )
if [ -e '~/.bash_profile' ]; then
profile='~/.bash_profile' profile='~/.bash_profile'
else
profile='~/.profile'
fi
profile_explain="~/.bash_profile if it exists, otherwise ~/.profile"
rc='~/.bashrc' rc='~/.bashrc'
;; ;;
zsh ) zsh )
@ -92,9 +98,38 @@ function help_() {
esac esac
{ {
case "$shell" in
fish )
echo "# Add pyenv executable to PATH by running"
echo "# the following interactively:"
echo echo
echo '# See the README for instructions on how to set up' echo 'set -Ux PYENV_ROOT $HOME/.pyenv'
echo '# your shell environment for Pyenv.' echo 'set -U fish_user_paths $PYENV_ROOT/bin $fish_user_paths'
echo
echo "# Load pyenv automatically by appending"
echo "# the following to ~/.config/fish/config.fish:"
echo
echo 'pyenv init - | source'
echo
;;
* )
echo '# Load pyenv automatically by appending'
echo -n "# the following to "
if [ "$profile" == "$rc" ]; then
echo "$profile :"
else
echo
echo "${profile_explain:-$profile} (for login shells)"
echo "and $rc (for interactive shells) :"
fi
echo
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"'
echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"'
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"'
;;
esac
echo
echo '# Restart your shell for the changes to take effect.'
echo echo
} >&2 } >&2
} }
@ -104,13 +139,15 @@ function init_dirs() {
} }
function print_path() { function print_path() {
# Need to use the login shell rather than the current one
case "$shell" in case "$shell" in
fish ) fish )
echo "set -gx PATH '${PYENV_ROOT}/shims' \$PATH" echo 'while set index (contains -i -- '\'"${PYENV_ROOT}/shims"\'' $PATH)'
echo 'set -eg PATH[$index]; end; set -e index'
echo 'set -gx PATH '\'"${PYENV_ROOT}/shims"\'' $PATH'
;; ;;
* ) * )
echo 'export PATH="'${PYENV_ROOT}'/shims:${PATH}"' echo 'PATH="$(bash -ec '\''IFS=:; paths=($PATH); for i in ${!paths[@]}; do if [[ ${paths[i]} == "'\'"${PYENV_ROOT}/shims"\''" ]]; then unset '\'\\\'\''paths[i]'\'\\\'\''; fi; done; echo "${paths[*]}"'\'')"'
echo 'export PATH="'"${PYENV_ROOT}"'/shims:${PATH}"'
;; ;;
esac esac
} }

37
test/init.bats
View file

@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ OUT
@test "fish instructions" { @test "fish instructions" {
run pyenv-init fish run pyenv-init fish
assert [ "$status" -eq 1 ] assert [ "$status" -eq 1 ]
assert_line '# See the README for instructions on how to set up' assert_line 'pyenv init - | source'
} }
@test "option to skip rehash" { @test "option to skip rehash" {
@ -64,30 +64,41 @@ OUT
@test "adds shims to PATH" { @test "adds shims to PATH" {
export PATH="${BATS_TEST_DIRNAME}/../libexec:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin" export PATH="${BATS_TEST_DIRNAME}/../libexec:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin"
run pyenv-init --path bash run pyenv-init - bash
assert_success assert_success
assert_line 0 'export PATH="'${PYENV_ROOT}'/shims:${PATH}"' assert_line 'export PATH="'${PYENV_ROOT}'/shims:${PATH}"'
} }
@test "adds shims to PATH (fish)" { @test "adds shims to PATH (fish)" {
export PATH="${BATS_TEST_DIRNAME}/../libexec:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin" export PATH="${BATS_TEST_DIRNAME}/../libexec:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin"
run pyenv-init --path fish run pyenv-init - fish
assert_success assert_success
assert_line 0 "set -gx PATH '${PYENV_ROOT}/shims' \$PATH" assert_line "set -gx PATH '${PYENV_ROOT}/shims' \$PATH"
} }
@test "can add shims to PATH more than once" { @test "removes existing shims from PATH" {
export PATH="${PYENV_ROOT}/shims:$PATH" OLDPATH="$PATH"
run pyenv-init --path bash export PATH="${BATS_TEST_DIRNAME}/nonexistent:${PYENV_ROOT}/shims:$PATH"
run bash -e <<!
eval "\$(pyenv-init -)"
echo "\$PATH"
!
assert_success assert_success
assert_line 0 'export PATH="'${PYENV_ROOT}'/shims:${PATH}"' assert_output "${PYENV_ROOT}/shims:${BATS_TEST_DIRNAME}/nonexistent:${OLDPATH//${PYENV_ROOT}\/shims:/}"
} }
@test "can add shims to PATH more than once (fish)" { @test "removes existing shims from PATH (fish)" {
export PATH="${PYENV_ROOT}/shims:$PATH" command -v fish >/dev/null || skip "-- fish not installed"
run pyenv-init --path fish OLDPATH="$PATH"
export PATH="${BATS_TEST_DIRNAME}/nonexistent:${PYENV_ROOT}/shims:$PATH"
# fish 2 (Ubuntu Bionic) adds spurious messages when setting PATH, messing up the output
run fish <<!
set -x PATH "$PATH"
pyenv init - | source
echo "\$PATH"
!
assert_success assert_success
assert_line 0 "set -gx PATH '${PYENV_ROOT}/shims' \$PATH" assert_output "${PYENV_ROOT}/shims:${BATS_TEST_DIRNAME}/nonexistent:${OLDPATH//${PYENV_ROOT}\/shims:/}"
} }
@test "outputs sh-compatible syntax" { @test "outputs sh-compatible syntax" {