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Add quick start section and gif demo to accompany it. (#3044)

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* Reorganize readme, add gif

1. Details in 'Getting Pyenv' and 'Setup for your shell' are collapsed. User can expand relevant
   sections depending on their platform and shell.

2. 'How It Works' and 'Advanced Configuration' are moved to the bottom of the README.md
   just before 'Contributing' section at the end.

3. Added a GIF in the 'Usage' section to showcase
   - Listing python versions available for install.
   - Installing a specific python version.
   - Listing installed python versions.
   - Switching to another python version for a directory.
   - Testing by moving terminal into the directory and moving back.

* Update GIF to show prefix resolution

* Collapse upgrade notes

* Cross-mention Linux and MacOS instlalation scenarios

---------

Co-authored-by: Ivan Pozdeev <vano@mail.mipt.ru>
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README.md
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@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ tools that do one thing well.
This project was forked from [rbenv](https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv) and
[ruby-build](https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build), and modified for Python.
![Terminal output example](/terminal_output.png)
### What pyenv _does..._
* Lets you **change the global Python version** on a per-user basis.
@ -32,30 +29,27 @@ This project was forked from [rbenv](https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv) and
yourself, or [pyenv-virtualenv](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv)
to automate the process.
----
## Table of Contents
* **[How It Works](#how-it-works)**
* [Understanding PATH](#understanding-path)
* [Understanding Shims](#understanding-shims)
* [Understanding Python version selection](#understanding-python-version-selection)
* [Locating Pyenv-provided Python Installations](#locating-pyenv-provided-python-installations)
* **[Installation](#installation)**
* [Getting Pyenv](#getting-pyenv)
* [UNIX/MacOS](#unixmacos)
* [Getting Pyenv](#a-getting-pyenv)
* [Linux/UNIX](#linuxunix)
* [Automatic Installer](#1-automatic-installer-recommended)
* [Basic GitHub Checkout](#2-basic-github-checkout)
* [MacOS](#macos)
* [Homebrew in macOS](#homebrew-in-macos)
* [Automatic installer](#automatic-installer)
* [Basic GitHub Checkout](#basic-github-checkout)
* [Windows](#windows)
* [Set up your shell environment for Pyenv](#set-up-your-shell-environment-for-pyenv)
* [Restart your shell](#restart-your-shell)
* [Install Python build dependencies](#install-python-build-dependencies)
* [Set up your shell environment for Pyenv](#b-set-up-your-shell-environment-for-pyenv)
* [Restart your shell](#c-restart-your-shell)
* [Install Python build dependencies](#d-install-python-build-dependencies)
* [Upgrade Notes](#e-upgrade-notes)
* **[Usage](#usage)**
* [Install additional Python versions](#install-additional-python-versions)
* [Prefix auto-resolution to the latest version](#prefix-auto-resolution-to-the-latest-version)
* [Python versions with extended support](#python-versions-with-extended-support)
* [Switch between Python versions](#switch-between-python-versions)
* [Uninstall Python versions](#uninstall-python-versions)
* [Other operations](#other-operations)
@ -64,6 +58,11 @@ This project was forked from [rbenv](https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv) and
* [Upgrading with Installer or Git checkout](#upgrading-with-installer-or-git-checkout)
* [Uninstalling pyenv](#uninstalling-pyenv)
* [Pyenv plugins](#pyenv-plugins)
* **[How It Works](#how-it-works)**
* [Understanding PATH](#understanding-path)
* [Understanding Shims](#understanding-shims)
* [Understanding Python version selection](#understanding-python-version-selection)
* [Locating Pyenv-provided Python Installations](#locating-pyenv-provided-python-installations)
* [Advanced Configuration](#advanced-configuration)
* [Using Pyenv without shims](#using-pyenv-without-shims)
* [Environment variables](#environment-variables)
@ -75,6 +74,437 @@ This project was forked from [rbenv](https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv) and
----
## Installation
### A. Getting Pyenv
----
#### Linux/Unix
<details>
The Homebrew option from the [MacOS section below](#macos) would also work if you have Homebrew installed.
##### 1. Automatic installer (Recommended)
```bash
curl https://pyenv.run | bash
```
For more details visit our other project:
https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer
##### 2. Basic GitHub Checkout
This will get you going with the latest version of Pyenv and make it
easy to fork and contribute any changes back upstream.
* **Check out Pyenv where you want it installed.**
A good place to choose is `$HOME/.pyenv` (but you can install it somewhere else):
```
git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
```
* Optionally, try to compile a dynamic Bash extension to speed up Pyenv. Don't
worry if it fails; Pyenv will still work normally:
```
cd ~/.pyenv && src/configure && make -C src
```
</details>
#### MacOS
<details>
The options from the [Linux section above](#linuxunix) also work but Homebrew is recommended for basic usage.
##### [Homebrew](https://brew.sh) in macOS
1. Update homebrew and install pyenv:
```sh
brew update
brew install pyenv
```
If you want to install (and update to) the latest development head of Pyenv
rather than the latest release, instead run:
```sh
brew install pyenv --head
```
3. Then follow the rest of the post-installation steps, starting with
[Set up your shell environment for Pyenv](#set-up-your-shell-environment-for-pyenv).
4. OPTIONAL. To fix `brew doctor`'s warning _""config" scripts exist outside your system or Homebrew directories"_
If you're going to build Homebrew formulae from source that link against Python
like Tkinter or NumPy
_(This is only generally the case if you are a developer of such a formula,
or if you have an EOL version of MacOS for which prebuilt bottles are no longer provided
and you are using such a formula)._
To avoid them accidentally linking against a Pyenv-provided Python,
add the following line into your interactive shell's configuration:
* Bash/Zsh:
~~~bash
alias brew='env PATH="${PATH//$(pyenv root)\/shims:/}" brew'
~~~
* Fish:
~~~fish
alias brew="env PATH=(string replace (pyenv root)/shims '' \"\$PATH\") brew"
~~~
</details>
#### Windows
<details>
Pyenv does not officially support Windows and does not work in Windows outside
the Windows Subsystem for Linux.
Moreover, even there, the Pythons it installs are not native Windows versions
but rather Linux versions running in a virtual machine --
so you won't get Windows-specific functionality.
If you're in Windows, we recommend using @kirankotari's [`pyenv-win`](https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win) fork --
which does install native Windows Python versions.
</details>
### B. Set up your shell environment for Pyenv
----
The below setup should work for the vast majority of users for common use cases.
See [Advanced configuration](#advanced-configuration) for details and more configuration options.
#### Bash
<details>
Stock Bash startup files vary widely between distributions in which of them source
which, under what circumstances, in what order and what additional configuration they perform.
As such, the most reliable way to get Pyenv in all environments is to append Pyenv
configuration commands to both `.bashrc` (for interactive shells)
and the profile file that Bash would use (for login shells).
1. First, add the commands to `~/.bashrc` by running the following in your terminal:
```bash
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
```
3. Then, if you have `~/.profile`, `~/.bash_profile` or `~/.bash_login`, add the commands there as well.
If you have none of these, create a `~/.profile` and add the commands there.
* to add to `~/.profile`:
``` bash
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.profile
```
* to add to `~/.bash_profile`:
```bash
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo '[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
```
**Bash warning**: There are some systems where the `BASH_ENV` variable is configured
to point to `.bashrc`. On such systems, you should almost certainly put the
`eval "$(pyenv init -)"` line into `.bash_profile`, and **not** into `.bashrc`. Otherwise, you
may observe strange behaviour, such as `pyenv` getting into an infinite loop.
See [#264](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/issues/264) for details.
</details>
#### Zsh
<details>
```zsh
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.zshrc
echo '[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc
```
If you wish to get Pyenv in noninteractive login shells as well, also add the commands to `~/.zprofile` or `~/.zlogin`.
</details>
#### Fish
<details>
1. If you have Fish 3.2.0 or newer, execute this interactively:
~~~ fish
set -Ux PYENV_ROOT $HOME/.pyenv
fish_add_path $PYENV_ROOT/bin
~~~
2. Otherwise, execute the snippet below:
~~~ fish
set -Ux PYENV_ROOT $HOME/.pyenv
set -U fish_user_paths $PYENV_ROOT/bin $fish_user_paths
~~~
3. Now, add this to `~/.config/fish/config.fish`:
~~~ fish
pyenv init - | source
~~~
</details>
### C. Restart your shell
----
for the `PATH` changes to take effect.
```sh
exec "$SHELL"
```
### D. Install Python build dependencies
----
[**Install Python build dependencies**](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki#suggested-build-environment)
before attempting to install a new Python version.
You can now begin using Pyenv.
### E. Upgrade Notes
----
**if you have upgraded from pyenv version 2.0.x-2.2.x**
<details>
The startup logic and instructions have been updated for simplicity in 2.3.0.
The previous, more complicated configuration scheme for 2.0.0-2.2.5 still works.
* Define environment variable `PYENV_ROOT` to point to the path where
Pyenv will store its data. `$HOME/.pyenv` is the default.
If you installed Pyenv via Git checkout, we recommend
to set it to the same location as where you cloned it.
* Add the `pyenv` executable to your `PATH` if it's not already there
* run `eval "$(pyenv init -)"` to install `pyenv` into your shell as a shell function, enable shims and autocompletion
* You may run `eval "$(pyenv init --path)"` instead to just enable shims, without shell integration
</details>
----
## Usage
![Terminal output example](/install_local_python.gif)
### Install additional Python versions
To install additional Python versions, use [`pyenv install`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-install).
For example, to download and install Python 3.10.4, run:
```sh
pyenv install 3.10.4
```
Running `pyenv install -l` gives the list of all available versions.
----
<details> <summary> Notes about python releases </summary>
**NOTE:** Most Pyenv-provided Python releases are source releases and are built
from source as part of installation (that's why you need Python build dependencies preinstalled).
You can pass options to Python's `configure` and compiler flags to customize the build,
see [_Special environment variables_ in Python-Build's README](plugins/python-build/README.md#special-environment-variables)
for details.
**NOTE:** If you are having trouble installing a Python version,
please visit the wiki page about
[Common Build Problems](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems).
**NOTE:** If you want to use proxy for download, please set the `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`
environment variables.
**NOTE:** If you'd like a faster interpreter at the cost of longer build times,
see [_Building for maximum performance_ in Python-Build's README](plugins/python-build/README.md#building-for-maximum-performance).
</details>
----
#### Prefix auto-resolution to the latest version
All Pyenv subcommands except `uninstall` automatically resolve full prefixes to the latest version in the corresponding version line.
`pyenv install` picks the latest known version, while other subcommands pick the latest installed version.
E.g. to install and then switch to the latest 3.10 release:
```sh
pyenv install 3.10
pyenv global 3.10
```
You can run [`pyenv latest -k <prefix>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-latest) to see how `pyenv install` would resolve a specific prefix, or [`pyenv latest <prefix>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-latest) to see how other subcommands would resolve it.
See the [`pyenv latest` documentation](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-latest) for details.
<details> <summary> Python versions with extended support </summary>
For the following Python releases, Pyenv applies user-provided patches that add support for some newer environments.
Though we don't actively maintain those patches, since existing releases never change,
it's safe to assume that they will continue working until there are further incompatible changes
in a later version of those environments.
* *3.7.8-3.7.15, 3.8.4-3.8.12, 3.9.0-3.9.7* : XCode 13.3
* *3.5.10, 3.6.15* : MacOS 11+ and XCode 13.3
* *2.7.18* : MacOS 10.15+ and Apple Silicon
</details>
----
### Switch between Python versions
To select a Pyenv-installed Python as the version to use, run one
of the following commands:
* [`pyenv shell <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell) -- select just for current shell session
* [`pyenv local <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-local) -- automatically select whenever you are in the current directory (or its subdirectories)
* [`pyenv global <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell) -- select globally for your user account
E.g. to select the above-mentioned newly-installed Python 3.10.4 as your preferred version to use:
~~~bash
pyenv global 3.10.4
~~~
Now whenever you invoke `python`, `pip` etc., an executable from the Pyenv-provided
3.10.4 installation will be run instead of the system Python.
Using "`system`" as a version name would reset the selection to your system-provided Python.
See [Understanding shims](#understanding-shims) and
[Understanding Python version selection](#understanding-python-version-selection)
for more details on how the selection works and more information on its usage.
----
### Uninstall Python versions
As time goes on, you will accumulate Python versions in your
`$(pyenv root)/versions` directory.
To remove old Python versions, use [`pyenv uninstall <versions>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-uninstall).
Alternatively, you can simply `rm -rf` the directory of the version you want
to remove. You can find the directory of a particular Python version
with the `pyenv prefix` command, e.g. `pyenv prefix 2.6.8`.
Note however that plugins may run additional operations on uninstall
which you would need to do by hand as well. E.g. Pyenv-Virtualenv also
removes any virtual environments linked to the version being uninstalled.
----
### Other operations
Run `pyenv commands` to get a list of all available subcommands.
Run a subcommand with `--help` to get help on it, or see the [Commands Reference](COMMANDS.md).
Note that Pyenv plugins that you install may add their own subcommands.
## Upgrading
### Upgrading with Homebrew
If you've installed Pyenv using Homebrew, upgrade using:
```sh
brew upgrade pyenv
```
To switch from a release to the latest development head of Pyenv, use:
```sh
brew uninstall pyenv
brew install pyenv --head
```
then you can upgrade it with `brew upgrade pyenv` as usual.
### Upgrading with Installer or Git checkout
If you've installed Pyenv with Pyenv-installer, you likely have the
[Pyenv-Update](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-update) plugin that would
upgrade Pyenv and all installed plugins:
```sh
pyenv update
```
If you've installed Pyenv using Pyenv-installer or Git checkout, you can also
upgrade your installation at any time using Git.
To upgrade to the latest development version of pyenv, use `git pull`:
```sh
cd $(pyenv root)
git pull
```
To upgrade to a specific release of Pyenv, check out the corresponding tag:
```sh
cd $(pyenv root)
git fetch
git tag
git checkout v0.1.0
```
## Uninstalling pyenv
The simplicity of pyenv makes it easy to temporarily disable it, or
uninstall from the system.
1. To **disable** Pyenv managing your Python versions, simply remove the
`pyenv init` invocations from your shell startup configuration. This will
remove Pyenv shims directory from `PATH`, and future invocations like
`python` will execute the system Python version, as it was before Pyenv.
`pyenv` will still be accessible on the command line, but your Python
apps won't be affected by version switching.
2. To completely **uninstall** Pyenv, remove _all_ Pyenv configuration lines
from your shell startup configuration, and then remove
its root directory. This will **delete all Python versions** that were
installed under the `` $(pyenv root)/versions/ `` directory:
```sh
rm -rf $(pyenv root)
```
If you've installed Pyenv using a package manager, as a final step,
perform the Pyenv package removal. For instance, for Homebrew:
```
brew uninstall pyenv
```
## Pyenv plugins
Pyenv provides a simple way to extend and customize its functionality with plugins --
as simple as creating a plugin directory and dropping a shell script on a certain subpath of it
with whatever extra logic you need to be run at certain moments.
The main idea is that most things that you can put under `$PYENV_ROOT/<whatever>` you can also put
under `$PYENV_ROOT/plugins/your_plugin_name/<whatever>`.
See [_Plugins_ on the wiki](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Plugins) on how to install and use plugins
as well as a catalog of some useful existing plugins for common needs.
See [_Authoring plugins_ on the wiki](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Authoring-plugins) on writing your own plugins.
----
## How It Works
@ -198,397 +628,6 @@ As far as Pyenv is concerned, version names are simply directories under
----
## Installation
### Getting Pyenv
#### UNIX/MacOS
##### Homebrew in macOS
1. Consider installing with [Homebrew](https://brew.sh):
```sh
brew update
brew install pyenv
```
If you want to install (and update to) the latest development head of Pyenv
rather than the latest release, instead run:
```sh
brew install pyenv --head
```
3. Then follow the rest of the post-installation steps, starting with
[Set up your shell environment for Pyenv](#set-up-your-shell-environment-for-pyenv).
4. OPTIONAL. To fix `brew doctor`'s warning _""config" scripts exist outside your system or Homebrew directories"_
If you're going to build Homebrew formulae from source that link against Python
like Tkinter or NumPy
_(This is only generally the case if you are a developer of such a formula,
or if you have an EOL version of MacOS for which prebuilt bottles are no longer provided
and you are using such a formula)._
To avoid them accidentally linking against a Pyenv-provided Python,
add the following line into your interactive shell's configuration:
* Bash/Zsh:
~~~bash
alias brew='env PATH="${PATH//$(pyenv root)\/shims:/}" brew'
~~~
* Fish:
~~~fish
alias brew="env PATH=(string replace (pyenv root)/shims '' \"\$PATH\") brew"
~~~
##### Automatic installer
```bash
curl https://pyenv.run | bash
```
For more details visit our other project:
https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer
##### Basic GitHub Checkout
This will get you going with the latest version of Pyenv and make it
easy to fork and contribute any changes back upstream.
* **Check out Pyenv where you want it installed.**
A good place to choose is `$HOME/.pyenv` (but you can install it somewhere else):
```
git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
```
* Optionally, try to compile a dynamic Bash extension to speed up Pyenv. Don't
worry if it fails; Pyenv will still work normally:
```
cd ~/.pyenv && src/configure && make -C src
```
#### Windows
Pyenv does not officially support Windows and does not work in Windows outside
the Windows Subsystem for Linux.
Moreover, even there, the Pythons it installs are not native Windows versions
but rather Linux versions running in a virtual machine --
so you won't get Windows-specific functionality.
If you're in Windows, we recommend using @kirankotari's [`pyenv-win`](https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win) fork --
which does install native Windows Python versions.
### Set up your shell environment for Pyenv
**Upgrade note:** The startup logic and instructions have been updated for simplicity in 2.3.0.
The previous, more complicated configuration scheme for 2.0.0-2.2.5 still works.
* Define environment variable `PYENV_ROOT` to point to the path where
Pyenv will store its data. `$HOME/.pyenv` is the default.
If you installed Pyenv via Git checkout, we recommend
to set it to the same location as where you cloned it.
* Add the `pyenv` executable to your `PATH` if it's not already there
* run `eval "$(pyenv init -)"` to install `pyenv` into your shell as a shell function, enable shims and autocompletion
* You may run `eval "$(pyenv init --path)"` instead to just enable shims, without shell integration
The below setup should work for the vast majority of users for common use cases.
See [Advanced configuration](#advanced-configuration) for details and more configuration options.
- For **bash**:
Stock Bash startup files vary widely between distributions in which of them source
which, under what circumstances, in what order and what additional configuration they perform.
As such, the most reliable way to get Pyenv in all environments is to append Pyenv
configuration commands to both `.bashrc` (for interactive shells)
and the profile file that Bash would use (for login shells).
First, add the commands to `~/.bashrc` by running the following in your terminal:
~~~ bash
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
~~~
Then, if you have `~/.profile`, `~/.bash_profile` or `~/.bash_login`, add the commands there as well.
If you have none of these, add them to `~/.profile`.
* to add to `~/.profile`:
~~~ bash
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.profile
~~~
* to add to `~/.bash_profile`:
~~~ bash
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo '[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
~~~
- For **Zsh**:
Run the following to add the commands to `~/.zshrc`:
~~~ zsh
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.zshrc
echo '[[ -d $PYENV_ROOT/bin ]] && export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc
~~~
If you wish to get Pyenv in noninteractive login shells as well, also add the commands to `~/.zprofile` or `~/.zlogin`.
- For **Fish shell**:
If you have Fish 3.2.0 or newer, execute this interactively:
~~~ fish
set -Ux PYENV_ROOT $HOME/.pyenv
fish_add_path $PYENV_ROOT/bin
~~~
Otherwise, execute the snippet below:
~~~ fish
set -Ux PYENV_ROOT $HOME/.pyenv
set -U fish_user_paths $PYENV_ROOT/bin $fish_user_paths
~~~
Now, add this to `~/.config/fish/config.fish`:
~~~ fish
pyenv init - | source
~~~
**Bash warning**: There are some systems where the `BASH_ENV` variable is configured
to point to `.bashrc`. On such systems, you should almost certainly put the
`eval "$(pyenv init -)"` line into `.bash_profile`, and **not** into `.bashrc`. Otherwise, you
may observe strange behaviour, such as `pyenv` getting into an infinite loop.
See [#264](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/issues/264) for details.
**Proxy note**: If you use a proxy, export `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`, too.
### Restart your shell
for the `PATH` changes to take effect.
```sh
exec "$SHELL"
```
### Install Python build dependencies
[**Install Python build dependencies**](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki#suggested-build-environment)
before attempting to install a new Python version.
You can now begin using Pyenv.
----
## Usage
### Install additional Python versions
To install additional Python versions, use [`pyenv install`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-install).
For example, to download and install Python 3.10.4, run:
```sh
pyenv install 3.10.4
```
Running `pyenv install -l` gives the list of all available versions.
**NOTE:** Most Pyenv-provided Python releases are source releases and are built
from source as part of installation (that's why you need Python build dependencies preinstalled).
You can pass options to Python's `configure` and compiler flags to customize the build,
see [_Special environment variables_ in Python-Build's README](plugins/python-build/README.md#special-environment-variables)
for details.
**NOTE:** If you are having trouble installing a Python version,
please visit the wiki page about
[Common Build Problems](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Common-build-problems).
**NOTE:** If you want to use proxy for download, please set the `http_proxy` and `https_proxy`
environment variables.
**NOTE:** If you'd like a faster interpreter at the cost of longer build times,
see [_Building for maximum performance_ in Python-Build's README](plugins/python-build/README.md#building-for-maximum-performance).
#### Prefix auto-resolution to the latest version
All Pyenv subcommands except `uninstall` automatically resolve full prefixes to the latest version in the corresponding version line.
`pyenv install` picks the latest known version, while other subcommands pick the latest installed version.
E.g. to install and then switch to the latest 3.10 release:
```sh
pyenv install 3.10
pyenv global 3.10
```
You can run [`pyenv latest -k <prefix>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-latest) to see how `pyenv install` would resolve a specific prefix, or [`pyenv latest <prefix>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-latest) to see how other subcommands would resolve it.
See the [`pyenv latest` documentation](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-latest) for details.
#### Python versions with extended support
For the following Python releases, Pyenv applies user-provided patches that add support for some newer environments.
Though we don't actively maintain those patches, since existing releases never change,
it's safe to assume that they will continue working until there are further incompatible changes
in a later version of those environments.
* *3.7.8-3.7.15, 3.8.4-3.8.12, 3.9.0-3.9.7* : XCode 13.3
* *3.5.10, 3.6.15* : MacOS 11+ and XCode 13.3
* *2.7.18* : MacOS 10.15+ and Apple Silicon
### Switch between Python versions
To select a Pyenv-installed Python as the version to use, run one
of the following commands:
* [`pyenv shell <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell) -- select just for current shell session
* [`pyenv local <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-local) -- automatically select whenever you are in the current directory (or its subdirectories)
* [`pyenv global <version>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-shell) -- select globally for your user account
E.g. to select the above-mentioned newly-installed Python 3.10.4 as your preferred version to use:
~~~bash
pyenv global 3.10.4
~~~
Now whenever you invoke `python`, `pip` etc., an executable from the Pyenv-provided
3.10.4 installation will be run instead of the system Python.
Using "`system`" as a version name would reset the selection to your system-provided Python.
See [Understanding shims](#understanding-shims) and
[Understanding Python version selection](#understanding-python-version-selection)
for more details on how the selection works and more information on its usage.
### Uninstall Python versions
As time goes on, you will accumulate Python versions in your
`$(pyenv root)/versions` directory.
To remove old Python versions, use [`pyenv uninstall <versions>`](COMMANDS.md#pyenv-uninstall).
Alternatively, you can simply `rm -rf` the directory of the version you want
to remove. You can find the directory of a particular Python version
with the `pyenv prefix` command, e.g. `pyenv prefix 2.6.8`.
Note however that plugins may run additional operations on uninstall
which you would need to do by hand as well. E.g. Pyenv-Virtualenv also
removes any virtual environments linked to the version being uninstalled.
### Other operations
Run `pyenv commands` to get a list of all available subcommands.
Run a subcommand with `--help` to get help on it, or see the [Commands Reference](COMMANDS.md).
Note that Pyenv plugins that you install may add their own subcommands.
## Upgrading
### Upgrading with Homebrew
If you've installed Pyenv using Homebrew, upgrade using:
```sh
brew upgrade pyenv
```
To switch from a release to the latest development head of Pyenv, use:
```sh
brew uninstall pyenv
brew install pyenv --head
```
then you can upgrade it with `brew upgrade pyenv` as usual.
### Upgrading with Installer or Git checkout
If you've installed Pyenv with Pyenv-installer, you likely have the
[Pyenv-Update](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-update) plugin that would
upgrade Pyenv and all installed plugins:
```sh
pyenv update
```
If you've installed Pyenv using Pyenv-installer or Git checkout, you can also
upgrade your installation at any time using Git.
To upgrade to the latest development version of pyenv, use `git pull`:
```sh
cd $(pyenv root)
git pull
```
To upgrade to a specific release of Pyenv, check out the corresponding tag:
```sh
cd $(pyenv root)
git fetch
git tag
git checkout v0.1.0
```
## Uninstalling pyenv
The simplicity of pyenv makes it easy to temporarily disable it, or
uninstall from the system.
1. To **disable** Pyenv managing your Python versions, simply remove the
`pyenv init` invocations from your shell startup configuration. This will
remove Pyenv shims directory from `PATH`, and future invocations like
`python` will execute the system Python version, as it was before Pyenv.
`pyenv` will still be accessible on the command line, but your Python
apps won't be affected by version switching.
2. To completely **uninstall** Pyenv, remove _all_ Pyenv configuration lines
from your shell startup configuration, and then remove
its root directory. This will **delete all Python versions** that were
installed under the `` $(pyenv root)/versions/ `` directory:
```sh
rm -rf $(pyenv root)
```
If you've installed Pyenv using a package manager, as a final step,
perform the Pyenv package removal. For instance, for Homebrew:
```
brew uninstall pyenv
```
## Pyenv plugins
Pyenv provides a simple way to extend and customize its functionality with plugins --
as simple as creating a plugin directory and dropping a shell script on a certain subpath of it
with whatever extra logic you need to be run at certain moments.
The main idea is that most things that you can put under `$PYENV_ROOT/<whatever>` you can also put
under `$PYENV_ROOT/plugins/your_plugin_name/<whatever>`.
See [_Plugins_ on the wiki](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Plugins) on how to install and use plugins
as well as a catalog of some useful existing plugins for common needs.
See [_Authoring plugins_ on the wiki](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv/wiki/Authoring-plugins) on writing your own plugins.
## Advanced Configuration
Skip this section unless you must know what every line in your shell

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