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136 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
136 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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author: "Rick Cogley"
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date: 2015-06-07
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linktitle: Multilingual Site
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menu:
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main:
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parent: tutorials
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prev: /tutorials/migrate-from-jekyll
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title: Create a Multilingual Site
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weight: 10
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---
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## Introduction
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Hugo allows you to create a multilingual site from its built-in tools. This tutorial will show one way to do it, and assumes:
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* You already know the basics about creating a Hugo site
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* You have a separate domain name for each language
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* You'll use `/data` files for some translation strings
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* You'll use single, combined `layout` and `static` folders
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* You'll use a subfolder for each language under `content` and `public`
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## Site Configs
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Create your site configs in the root of your repository, for example for an English and Japanese site.
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**English Config `config_en.toml`**:
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~~~toml
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baseurl = "http://acme.com/"
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title = "Acme Inc."
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contentdir = "content/en"
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publishdir = "public/en"
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...
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[params]
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locale = "en-US"
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~~~
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**Japanese Config `config_ja.toml`**:
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~~~toml
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baseurl = "http://acme.jp/"
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title = "有限会社アクミー"
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contentdir = "content/ja"
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publishdir = "public/ja"
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...
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[params]
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locale = "ja-JP"
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~~~
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If you had more domains and languages, you would just create more config files. The standard `config.toml` is what Hugo will run as a default, but since we're creating language-specific ones, you'll need to specify each config file when running `hugo server` or just `hugo` before deploying.
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## Prep Translation Strings in `/data`
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Create `.yaml` (or `.json` or `.toml`) files for each language, under `/data/translations`.
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**English Strings `en-US.yaml`**:
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~~~yaml
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topslogan: Acme Inc.
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topsubslogan: You'll love us
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...
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~~~
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**Japanese Strings `ja-JP.yaml`**:
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~~~yaml
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topslogan: 有限会社アクミー
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topsubslogan: キット勝つぞ
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...
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~~~
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In some cases, where there is more complex formatting within the strings you want to show, it might be better to employ some conditional logic in your template, to display a block of html per language.
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## Reference Strings in templates
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Now you can reference the strings in your templates. One way is to do it like in this `layouts/index.html`, leveraging the fact that you have the locale set:
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~~~html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="{{ .Site.Params.locale }}">
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...
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>{{ if eq .Site.Params.locale "en-US" }}{{ if .IsHome }}Welcome to {{ end }}{{ end }}{{ .Title }}{{ if eq .Site.Params.locale "ja-JP" }}{{ if .IsHome }}へようこそ{{ end }}{{ end }}{{ if ne .Title .Site.Title }} : {{ .Site.Title }}{{ end }}</title>
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...
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="container">
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<h1 class="header">{{ ( index $.Site.Data.translations $.Site.Params.locale ).topslogan }}</h1>
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<h3 class="subheader">{{ ( index $.Site.Data.translations $.Site.Params.locale ).topsubslogan }}</h3>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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~~~
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The above shows both techniques, using an `if eq` and `else if eq` to check the locale, and using `index` to pull strings from the data file that matches the locale set in the site's config file.
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## Create Multilingual Content
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Now you can create markdown content in your languages, in the `content/en` and `content/ja` folders. The frontmatter stays the same on the key side, but the values would be set in each of the languages.
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## Run Hugo Server or Deploy Commands
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Once you have things set up, you can run `hugo server` or `hugo` before deploying. You can create scripts to do it, or as shell functions. Here are sample basic `zsh` functions:
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**Live Reload with `hugo server`**:
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~~~shell
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function hugoserver-com {
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cd /Users/me/dev/mainsite
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hugo server --buildDrafts --watch --verbose --source="/Users/me/dev/mainsite" --config="/Users/me/dev/mainsite/config_en.toml" --port=1377
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}
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function hugoserver-jp {
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cd /Users/me/dev/mainsite
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hugo server --buildDrafts --watch --verbose --source="/Users/me/dev/mainsite" --config="/Users/me/dev/mainsite/config_ja.toml" --port=1399
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}
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~~~
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**Deploy with `hugo` and `rsync`**:
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~~~shell
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function hugodeploy-acmecom {
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rm -rf /tmp/acme.com
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hugo --config="/Users/me/dev/mainsite/config_en.toml" -s /Users/me/dev/mainsite/ -d /tmp/acme.com
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rsync -avze "ssh -p 22" --delete /tmp/acme.com/ me@mywebhost.com:/home/me/webapps/acme_com_site
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}
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function hugodeploy-acmejp {
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rm -rf /tmp/acme.jp
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hugo --config="/Users/me/dev/mainsite/config_ja.toml" -s /Users/me/dev/mainsite/ -d /tmp/acme.jp
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rsync -avze "ssh -p 22" --delete /tmp/acme.jp/ me@mywebhost.com:/home/me/webapps/acme_jp_site
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}
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~~~
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Adjust to fit your situation, setting dns, your webserver config, and other settings as appropriate.
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