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157 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
157 lines
6.5 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Page bundles
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description: Use page bundles to logically associate one or more resources with content.
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categories: [content management]
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keywords: [page,bundle,leaf,branch]
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menu :
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docs:
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parent: content-management
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weight: 30
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weight: 30
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toc: true
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---
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## Introduction
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A page bundle is a directory that encapsulates both content and associated resources.
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By way of example, this site has an "about" page and a "privacy" page:
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```text
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content/
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├── about/
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│ ├── index.md
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│ └── welcome.jpg
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└── privacy.md
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```
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The "about" page is a page bundle. It logically associates a resource with content by bundling them together. Resources within a page bundle are [page resources], accessible with the [`Resources`] method on the `Page` object.
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Page bundles are either _leaf bundles_ or _branch bundles_.
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leaf bundle
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: A _leaf bundle_ is a directory that contains an index.md file and zero or more resources. Analogous to a physical leaf, a leaf bundle is at the end of a branch. It has no descendants.
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branch bundle
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: A _branch bundle_ is a directory that contains an _index.md file and zero or more resources. Analogous to a physical branch, a branch bundle may have descendants including leaf bundles and other branch bundles. Top level directories with or without _index.md files are also branch bundles. This includes the home page.
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{{% note %}}
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In the definitions above and the examples below, the extension of the index file depends on the [content format]. For example, use index.md for Markdown content, index.html for HTML content, index.adoc for AsciiDoc content, etc.
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[content format]: /getting-started/glossary/#content-format
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{{% /note %}}
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## Comparison
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Page bundle characteristics vary by bundle type.
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| | Leaf bundle | Branch bundle |
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|---------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
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| Index file | index.md | _index.md |
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| Example | content/about/index.md | content/posts/_index.md |
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| [Page kinds] | `page` | `home`, `section`, `taxonomy`, or `term` |
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| Layout type | [single] | [list] |
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| Descendant pages | None | Zero or more |
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| Resource location | Adjacent to the index file or in a nested subdirectory | Same as a leaf bundles, but excludes descendant bundles |
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| [Resource types] | `page`, `image`, `video`, etc. | all but `page` |
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Files with [resource type] `page` include content written in Markdown, HTML, AsciiDoc, Pandoc, reStructuredText, and Emacs Org Mode. In a leaf bundle, excluding the index file, these files are only accessible as page resources. In a branch bundle, these files are only accessible as content pages.
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## Leaf bundles
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A _leaf bundle_ is a directory that contains an index.md file and zero or more resources. Analogous to a physical leaf, a leaf bundle is at the end of a branch. It has no descendants.
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```text
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content/
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├── about
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│ └── index.md
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├── posts
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│ ├── my-post
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│ │ ├── content-1.md
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│ │ ├── content-2.md
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│ │ ├── image-1.jpg
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│ │ ├── image-2.png
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│ │ └── index.md
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│ └── my-other-post
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│ └── index.md
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└── another-section
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├── foo.md
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└── not-a-leaf-bundle
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├── bar.md
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└── another-leaf-bundle
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└── index.md
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```
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There are four leaf bundles in the example above:
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about
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: This leaf bundle does not contain any page resources.
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my-post
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: This leaf bundle contains an index file, two resources of [resource type] `page`, and two resources of resource type `image`.
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- content-1, content-2
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These are resources of resource type `page`, accessible via the [`Resources`] method on the `Page` object. Hugo will not render these as individual pages.
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- image-1, image-2
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These are resources of resource type `image`, accessible via the `Resources` method on the `Page` object
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my-other-post
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: This leaf bundle does not contain any page resources.
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another-leaf-bundle
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: This leaf bundle does not contain any page resources.
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{{% note %}}
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Create leaf bundles at any depth within the content directory, but a leaf bundle may not contain another bundle. Leaf bundles do not have descendants.
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{{% /note %}}
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## Branch bundles
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A _branch bundle_ is a directory that contains an _index.md file and zero or more resources. Analogous to a physical branch, a branch bundle may have descendants including leaf bundles and other branch bundles. Top level directories with or without _index.md files are also branch bundles. This includes the home page.
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```text
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content/
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├── branch-bundle-1/
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│ ├── _index.md
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│ ├── content-1.md
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│ ├── content-2.md
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│ ├── image-1.jpg
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│ └── image-2.png
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├── branch-bundle-2/
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│ ├── a-leaf-bundle/
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│ │ └── index.md
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│ └── _index.md
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└── _index.md
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```
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There are three branch bundles in the example above:
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home page
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: This branch bundle contains an index file, two descendant branch bundles, and no resources.
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branch-bundle-1
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: This branch bundle contains an index file, two resources of [resource type] `page`, and two resources of resource type `image`.
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branch-bundle-2
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: This branch bundle contains an index file and a leaf bundle.
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{{% note %}}
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Create branch bundles at any depth within the content directory, but a leaf bundle may not contain another bundle. Leaf bundles do not have descendants.
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{{% /note %}}
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## Headless bundles
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Use [build options] in front matter to create an unpublished leaf or branch bundle whose content and resources you can include in other pages.
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[`Resources`]: /methods/page/resources/
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[build options]: content-management/build-options/
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[list]: /templates/lists/
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[page kinds]: /getting-started/glossary/#page-kind
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[page resources]: /content-management/page-resources/
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[resource type]: /getting-started/glossary/#resource-type
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[resource types]: /getting-started/glossary/#resource-type
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[single]: /templates/single-page-templates/
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