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393 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
393 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
---
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lastmod: 2015-08-04
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date: 2014-05-14T02:36:37Z
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toc: true
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menu:
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main:
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parent: extras
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next: /extras/pagination
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prev: /extras/livereload
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title: Menus
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---
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Hugo has a simple yet powerful menu system that permits content to be
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placed in menus with a good degree of control without a lot of work.
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*TIP:* If all you want is a simple menu for your sections, see [Section Menu for "the Lazy Blogger"]({{< relref "#section-menu-for-the-lazy-blogger" >}}).
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Some of the features of Hugo Menus:
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* Place content in one or many menus
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* Handle nested menus with unlimited depth
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* Create menu entries without being attached to any content
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* Distinguish active element (and active branch)
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## What is a menu?
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A menu is a named array of menu entries accessible on the site under
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`.Site.Menus` by name. For example, if I have a menu called `main`, I would
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access it via `.Site.Menus.main`.
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If you make use of the [multilingual feature]({{< relref "content/multilingual.md#menus">}}) you can define menus language independent.
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A menu entry has the following properties:
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* `URL string`
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* `Name string`
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* `Menu string`
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* `Identifier string`
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* `Pre template.HTML`
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* `Post template.HTML`
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* `Weight int`
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* `Parent string`
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* `Children Menu`
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And the following functions:
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* `HasChildren() bool`
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Additionally, the `Page` object has two functions, which can be used when rendering menus:
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* `IsMenuCurrent (menu string, menuEntry *MenuEntry ) bool`
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* `HasMenuCurrent** (menu string, menuEntry *MenuEntry) bool`
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See [Menu Functions](#menu-functions) for explanations of these functions, and [Rendering Nested Menus](#rendering-nested-menus) for an example of their use.
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## Adding content to menus
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Hugo supports a couple of different methods of adding a piece of content
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to the front matter.
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### Simple
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If all you need to do is add an entry to a menu, the simple form works
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well.
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**A single menu:**
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---
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menu: "main"
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---
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**Multiple menus:**
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---
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menu: ["main", "footer"]
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---
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### Advanced
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If more control is required, then the advanced approach gives you the
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control you want. All of the menu entry properties listed above are
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available.
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---
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menu:
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main:
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parent: 'extras'
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weight: 20
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---
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## Adding (non-content) entries to a menu
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You can also add entries to menus that aren’t attached to a piece of
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content. This takes place in the sitewide [config file](/overview/configuration/).
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Here’s an example `config.toml`:
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[[menu.main]]
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name = "about hugo"
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pre = "<i class='fa fa-heart'></i>"
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weight = -110
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identifier = "about"
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url = "/about/"
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[[menu.main]]
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name = "getting started"
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pre = "<i class='fa fa-road'></i>"
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weight = -100
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url = "/getting-started/"
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And the equivalent example `config.yaml`:
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---
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menu:
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main:
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- Name: "about hugo"
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Pre: "<i class='fa fa-heart'></i>"
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Weight: -110
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Identifier: "about"
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URL: "/about/"
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- Name: "getting started"
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Pre: "<i class='fa fa-road'></i>"
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Weight: -100
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URL: "/getting-started/"
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---
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**NOTE:** The URLs must be relative to the context root. If the `baseURL` is `http://example.com/mysite/`, then the URLs in the menu must not include the context root `mysite`. Using an absolute URL will overide the baseURL. If the `URL` is `http://subdomain.example.com/`, the output will be `http://subdomain.example.com`.
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## Nesting
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All nesting of content is done via the `parent` field.
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The parent of an entry should be the identifier of another entry.
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Identifier should be unique (within a menu).
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The following order is used to determine an Identifier:
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> Name > LinkTitle > Title.
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This means that the title will be used unless
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linktitle is present, etc. In practice Name and Identifier are never
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displayed and only used to structure relationships.
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In this example, the top level of the menu is defined in the config file
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and all content entries are attached to one of these entries via the
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`parent` field.
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## Rendering menus
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Hugo makes no assumptions about how your rendered HTML will be
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structured. Instead, it provides all of the functions you will need to be
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able to build your menu however you want.
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The following is an example:
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<!--sidebar start-->
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<aside>
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<div id="sidebar" class="nav-collapse">
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<!-- sidebar menu start-->
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<ul class="sidebar-menu">
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{{ $currentPage := . }}
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{{ range .Site.Menus.main }}
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{{ if .HasChildren }}
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<li class="sub-menu{{if $currentPage.HasMenuCurrent "main" . }} active{{end}}">
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<a href="javascript:;" class="">
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{{ .Pre }}
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<span>{{ .Name }}</span>
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<span class="menu-arrow arrow_carrot-right"></span>
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</a>
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<ul class="sub">
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{{ range .Children }}
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<li{{if $currentPage.IsMenuCurrent "main" . }} class="active"{{end}}><a href="{{.URL}}"> {{ .Name }} </a> </li>
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{{ end }}
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</ul>
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{{else}}
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<li>
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<a href="{{.URL}}">
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{{ .Pre }}
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<span>{{ .Name }}</span>
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</a>
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{{end}}
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</li>
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{{end}}
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<li> <a href="https://github.com/spf13/hugo/issues" target="blank">Questions and Issues</a> </li>
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<li> <a href="#" target="blank">Edit this Page</a> </li>
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</ul>
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<!-- sidebar menu end-->
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</div>
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</aside>
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<!--sidebar end-->
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> **Note**: use the `absLangURL` or `relLangURL` if your theme makes use of the [multilingual feature]({{< relref "content/multilingual.md" >}}). In contrast to `absURL` and `relURL` it adds the correct language prefix to the url. [Read more]({{< relref "templates/functions.md#urls" >}}).
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## Section Menu for "the Lazy Blogger"
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To enable this menu, add this to your site config, i.e. `config.toml`:
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```
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SectionPagesMenu = "main"
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```
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The menu name can be anything, but take a note of what it is.
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This will create a menu with all the sections as menu items and all the sections' pages as "shadow-members". The _shadow_ implies that the pages isn't represented by a menu-item themselves, but this enables you to create a top-level menu like this:
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```
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<nav class="sidebar-nav">
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{{ $currentPage := . }}
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{{ range .Site.Menus.main }}
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<a class="sidebar-nav-item{{if or ($currentPage.IsMenuCurrent "main" .) ($currentPage.HasMenuCurrent "main" .) }} active{{end}}" href="{{.URL}}">{{ .Name }}</a>
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{{ end }}
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</nav>
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```
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In the above, the menu item is marked as active if on the current section's list page or on a page in that section.
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The above is all that's needed. But if you want custom menu items, e.g. changing weight or name, you can define them manually in the site config, i.e. `config.toml`:
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```
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[[menu.main]]
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name = "This is the blog section"
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weight = -110
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identifier = "blog"
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url = "/blog/"
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```
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**Note** that the `identifier` must match the section name.
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## Menu Functions
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Suppose you have the menu structure shown below.
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```
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[menu.main]
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│
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├───colour
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│ │
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│ ├───warm
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│ │ ├───orange
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│ │ ├───red
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│ │ └───yellow
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│ │
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│ └───cool
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│ ├───blue
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│ ├───green
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│ └───purple
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│
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└───tool
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├───hammer
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├───shovel
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└───saw
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```
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For each menu item, you can determine:
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* If the menu item has any children: `.HasChildren()`
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* If the menu item is a parent of the page you are currently rendering: `.Page.HasMenuCurrent()`
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* If the menu item **is** the page you are currently rendering: `.Page.IsMenuCurrent()`
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For example, if you are currently rendering the page `/colour/warm`, the values of `.HasChildren`, `HasMenuCurrent`, and `IsMenuCurrent` would be as shown below:
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```
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[menu.main] | | | |
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│ | | | |
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├───colour | HasMenuCurrent | | HasChildren |
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│ ├───<< WARM >> | | IsMenuCurrent | HasChildren |
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│ │ ├───orange | | | |
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│ │ ├───red | | | |
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│ │ └───yellow | | | |
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│ └───cool | | | HasChildren |
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│ ├───blue | | | |
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│ ├───green | | | |
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│ └───purple | | | |
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└───tool | | | HasChildren |
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├───hammer | | | |
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├───shovel | | | |
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└───saw | | | |
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```
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## Rendering nested menus
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Hugo supports nested menus with as many levels as you like.
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Nested menus can be rendered using a recursive partial template, such as the example below.
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```
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<!-- layouts/index.html, layouts/_default/single.html, ... -->
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<h1>{{ .Title }}</h1>
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<!-- Put this line in your main template, at the place where you want to
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render the menu. -->
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{{ partial "menu_include.html" . }}
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```
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```
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<!-- layouts/partials/menu_include.html -->
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{{ partial "menu_recursive.html" (dict "menu" .Site.Menus.main "page" . "site" .Site) }}
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```
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```
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<!-- layouts/partials/menu_recursive.html -->
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{{ $page := .page }}
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{{ $site := .site }}
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<ul>
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{{ range .menu }}
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{{ $is := $page.IsMenuCurrent "main" . }}
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{{ $has := $page.HasMenuCurrent "main" . }}
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{{ if .HasChildren }}
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<li>
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<a href="{{ .URL }}">
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{{ .Name }}
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{{ if $is }}[Is]{{ end }}
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{{ if $has }}[Has]{{ end }}
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{{ if .HasChildren }}[Children]{{ end }}
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</a>
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<!-- If the menu item has children, include this partial template again (recursively) -->
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{{ partial "menu_recursive.html" (dict "menu" .Children "page" $page "site" $site) }}
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</li>
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{{ else }}
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<li>
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<a href="{{ .URL }}">
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{{ .Name }}
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{{ if $is }}[Is]{{ end }}
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{{ if $has }}[Has]{{ end }}
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{{ if .HasChildren }}[Children]{{ end }}
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</a>
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</li>
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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</ul>
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```
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This example code renders the words `[Is]`, `[Has]`, and `[Children]` to demonstrate how the `IsMenuCurrent()`, `HasMenuCurrent()`, and `HasChildren()` functions work.
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You can customise this example to implement features such as:
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* Highlight the current item, by applying a CSS style:
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<a href="{{ .URL }}"{{ if $is }} class="active"{{ end }}>
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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* Highlight parents of the current item, by applying a CSS style:
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<a href="{{ .URL }}"{{ if $has }} class="parent-active"{{ end }}>
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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* Only render sub-menus for parents of the current menu item, and the current menu item itself:
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{{ if or $is $has }}
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{{ partial "menu_recursive.html" (dict "menu" .Children "page" $page "site" $site) }}
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{{ end }}
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A working example, implementing these features, is shown below.
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```
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<!-- layouts/partials/menu_recursive.html -->
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{{ $page := .page }}
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{{ $site := .site }}
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<ul>
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<!-- Menu items sorted alphabetically by name -->
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{{ range .menu.ByName }}
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{{ $is := $page.IsMenuCurrent "main" . }}
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{{ $has := $page.HasMenuCurrent "main" . }}
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{{ if .HasChildren }}
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<li>
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<a href="{{ .URL }}" class="{{ if $is }} active{{ end }}{{ if $has }} parent-active{{ end }}">
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{{ .Name }}
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<!-- Show a » symbol if there is a sub-menu we haven't rendered -->
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{{ if not (or $is $has) }}»{{ end }}
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</a>
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<!-- Only render sub-menu for parent items and the current item -->
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{{ if or $is $has }}
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{{ partial "menu_recursive.html" (dict "menu" .Children "page" $page "site" $site) }}
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{{ end }}
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</li>
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{{ else }}
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<li>
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<a href="{{ .URL }}" class="{{ if $is }}active{{end}}">{{ .Name }}</a>
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</li>
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{{ end }}
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{{ end }}
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</ul>
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```
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