--- title: Taxonomies description: Hugo includes support for user-defined taxonomies. categories: [content management] keywords: [taxonomies,metadata,front matter,terms] menu: docs: parent: content-management weight: 150 weight: 150 toc: true aliases: [/taxonomies/overview/,/taxonomies/usage/,/indexes/overview/,/doc/indexes/,/extras/indexes] --- ## What is a taxonomy? Hugo includes support for user-defined groupings of content called **taxonomies**. Taxonomies are classifications of logical relationships between content. ### Definitions Taxonomy : a categorization that can be used to classify content Term : a key within the taxonomy Value : a piece of content assigned to a term ## Example taxonomy: movie website Let's assume you are making a website about movies. You may want to include the following taxonomies: * Actors * Directors * Studios * Genre * Year * Awards Then, in each of the movies, you would specify terms for each of these taxonomies (i.e., in the [front matter] of each of your movie content files). From these terms, Hugo would automatically create pages for each Actor, Director, Studio, Genre, Year, and Award, with each listing all of the Movies that matched that specific Actor, Director, Studio, Genre, Year, and Award. ### Movie taxonomy organization To continue with the example of a movie site, the following demonstrates content relationships from the perspective of the taxonomy: ```txt Actor <- Taxonomy Bruce Willis <- Term The Sixth Sense <- Value Unbreakable <- Value Moonrise Kingdom <- Value Samuel L. Jackson <- Term Unbreakable <- Value The Avengers <- Value xXx <- Value ``` From the perspective of the content, the relationships would appear differently, although the data and labels used are the same: ```txt Unbreakable <- Value Actors <- Taxonomy Bruce Willis <- Term Samuel L. Jackson <- Term Director <- Taxonomy M. Night Shyamalan <- Term ... Moonrise Kingdom <- Value Actors <- Taxonomy Bruce Willis <- Term Bill Murray <- Term Director <- Taxonomy Wes Anderson <- Term ... ``` ## Default taxonomies Hugo natively supports taxonomies. Without adding a single line to your [site configuration] file, Hugo will automatically create taxonomies for `tags` and `categories`. That would be the same as manually [configuring your taxonomies](#configure-taxonomies) as below: {{< code-toggle config=taxonomies />}} If you do not want Hugo to create any taxonomies, set `disableKinds` in your [site configuration] to the following: {{< code-toggle file=hugo >}} disableKinds = ["taxonomy","term"] {{}} {{% include "content-management/_common/page-kinds.md" %}} ### Default destinations When taxonomies are used---and [taxonomy templates] are provided---Hugo will automatically create both a page listing all the taxonomy's terms and individual pages with lists of content associated with each term. For example, a `categories` taxonomy declared in your configuration and used in your content front matter will create the following pages: * A single page at `example.com/categories/` that lists all the [terms within the taxonomy] * [Individual taxonomy list pages][taxonomy templates] (e.g., `/categories/development/`) for each of the terms that shows a listing of all pages marked as part of that taxonomy within any content file's [front matter] ## Configure taxonomies Custom taxonomies other than the [defaults](#default-taxonomies) must be defined in your [site configuration] before they can be used throughout the site. You need to provide both the plural and singular labels for each taxonomy. For example, `singular key = "plural value"` for TOML and `singular key: "plural value"` for YAML. ### Example: adding a custom taxonomy named "series" {{% note %}} While adding custom taxonomies, you need to put in the default taxonomies too, _if you want to keep them_. {{% /note %}} {{< code-toggle file=hugo >}} [taxonomies] tag = "tags" category = "categories" series = "series" {{}} ### Example: removing default taxonomies If you want to have just the default `tags` taxonomy, and remove the `categories` taxonomy for your site, you can do so by modifying the `taxonomies` value in your [site configuration]. {{< code-toggle file=hugo >}} [taxonomies] tag = "tags" {{}} If you want to disable all taxonomies altogether, see the use of `disableKinds` in [Hugo Taxonomy Defaults](#default-taxonomies). {{% note %}} You can add content and front matter to your taxonomy list and taxonomy terms pages. See [Content Organization](/content-management/organization/) for more information on how to add an `_index.md` for this purpose. {{% /note %}} ## Assign terms to content To assign one or more terms to a page, create a front matter field using the plural name of the taxonomy, then add terms to the corresponding array. For example: {{< code-toggle file=content/example.md fm=true >}} title = 'Example' tags = ['Tag A','Tag B'] categories = ['Category A','Category B'] {{< /code-toggle >}} ## Order taxonomies A content file can assign weight for each of its associate taxonomies. Taxonomic weight can be used for sorting or ordering content in [taxonomy list templates] and is declared in a content file's [front matter]. The convention for declaring taxonomic weight is `taxonomyname_weight`. The following show a piece of content that has a weight of 22, which can be used for ordering purposes when rendering the pages assigned to the "a", "b" and "c" values of the `tags` taxonomy. It has also been assigned the weight of 44 when rendering the "d" category page. ### Example: taxonomic `weight` {{< code-toggle >}} title = "foo" tags = [ "a", "b", "c" ] tags_weight = 22 categories = ["d"] categories_weight = 44 {{}} By using taxonomic weight, the same piece of content can appear in different positions in different taxonomies. ## Add custom metadata to a taxonomy or term If you need to add custom metadata to your taxonomy terms, you will need to create a page for that term at `/content///_index.md` and add your metadata in its front matter. Continuing with our 'Actors' example, let's say you want to add a Wikipedia page link to each actor. Your terms pages would be something like this: {{< code-toggle file=content/actors/bruce-willis/_index.md fm=true >}} title: "Bruce Willis" wikipedia: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Willis" {{< /code-toggle >}} [content section]: /content-management/sections/ [content type]: /content-management/types/ [documentation on archetypes]: /content-management/archetypes/ [front matter]: /content-management/front-matter/ [taxonomy list templates]: /templates/taxonomy-templates/#taxonomy-templates [taxonomy templates]: /templates/taxonomy-templates/ [terms within the taxonomy]: /templates/taxonomy-templates/#term-templates [site configuration]: /getting-started/configuration/