Improving installation instructions

README.md

@@ -25,55 +25,56 @@ The latest release can be found at [hugo releases](https://github.com/spf13/hugo
 We currently build for Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and OS X for x64
 and 386 architectures.
 
+## Installing Hugo (binary)
+
 Installation is very easy. Simply download the appropriate version for your
-platform. Once downloaded it can be run from anywhere. You don't need to install
+platform from [hugo releases](https://github.com/spf13/hugo/releases).
+Once downloaded it can be run from anywhere. You don't need to install
 it into a global location. This works well for shared hosts and other systems
 where you don't have a privileged account.
 
-Ideally you should install it somewhere in your path for easy use. `/usr/local/bin`
+Ideally you should install it somewhere in your path for easy use. `/usr/local/bin` 
 is the most probable location.
 
-*Hugo has no external dependencies.*
+*the Hugo executible has no external dependencies.*
 
 ## Installing from source
 
-<<<<<<< HEAD
 ### Dependencies
 
-Make sure you have a recent version of go installed. Hugo requires go 1.1+.
-
-**Due to packaging dependencies the following are also required: Git, Bazaar, Mercurial**
-
-### Cloning and Installing dependencies
-
-Pre-requisites:
-
 * Git
 * Go 1.1+
 * Mercurial
 * Bazaar
 
-### Getting locally (for contributors):
+### Clone locally (for contributors):
 
-    # clone and build
     git clone https://github.com/spf13/hugo
     cd hugo
     go get
 
-### Install directly from Github:
+Because go expects all of your libraries to be found in either $GOROOT or $GOPATH,
+it's helpful to symlink the project to one of the following paths:
+
+ * ln -s /path/to/your/hugo $GOPATH/src/github.com/spf13/hugo
+ * ln -s /path/to/your/hugo $GOROOT/src/pkg/github.com/spf13/hugo
+
+### Get directly from Github:
+
+If you don't intend to contribute, it's even easier. 
 
     go get github.com/spf13/hugo
-    go build -o hugo main.go
 
 ### Running Hugo
 
-    cd hugo
+    cd /path/to/hugo
     go run main.go
 
 ### Building Hugo
 
-    cd hugo
+    cd /path/to/hugo
     go build -o hugo main.go
+    mv hugo /usr/local/bin/
 
 ## Source Directory Organization
 

docs/content/doc/installing.md

@@ -9,40 +9,542 @@ The latest release can be found at [hugo releases](https://github.com/spf13/hugo
 We currently build for Windows, Linux, FreeBSD and OS X for x64
 and 386 architectures. 
 
+## Installing Hugo (binary)
+
 Installation is very easy. Simply download the appropriate version for your
-platform. Once downloaded it can be run from anywhere. You don't need to install
+platform from [hugo releases](https://github.com/spf13/hugo/releases).
+Once downloaded it can be run from anywhere. You don't need to install
 it into a global location. This works well for shared hosts and other systems
 where you don't have a privileged account.
 
 Ideally you should install it somewhere in your path for easy use. `/usr/local/bin` 
 is the most probable location.
 
-*Hugo has no external dependencies.*
+*the Hugo executible has no external dependencies.*
-
-Installation is very easy. Simply download the appropriate version for your
-platform. 
 
 ## Installing from source
 
 ### Dependencies
 
-Make sure you have a recent version of go installed. Hugo requires go 1.1+.
+* Git
+* Go 1.1+
+* Mercurial
+* Bazaar
 
-**Due to packaging dependencies the following are also required: Git, Bazaar, Mercurial**
+### Clone locally (for contributors):
-
-### Cloning and Installing dependencies
 
     git clone https://github.com/spf13/hugo
     cd hugo
     go get
-    go build -o hugo main.go
+
+Because go expects all of your libraries to be found in either $GOROOT or $GOPATH,
+it's helpful to symlink the project to one of the following paths:
+
+ * ln -s /path/to/your/hugo $GOPATH/src/github.com/spf13/hugo
+ * ln -s /path/to/your/hugo $GOROOT/src/pkg/github.com/spf13/hugo
+
+### Get directly from Github:
+
+If you don't intend to contribute, it's even easier. 
+
+    go get github.com/spf13/hugo
 
 ### Running Hugo
 
-    cd hugo
+    cd /path/to/hugo
     go run main.go
 
 ### Building Hugo
 
-    cd hugo
+    cd /path/to/hugo
     go build -o hugo main.go
+    mv hugo /usr/local/bin/
+
+## Source Directory Organization
+
+Hugo takes a single directory and uses it as the input for creating a complete website.
+
+Hugo has a very small amount of configuration, while remaining highly customizable.
+It accomplishes by assuming that you will only provide templates with the intent of
+using them.
+
+An example directory may look like:
+
+    .
+    ├── config.json
+    ├── content
+    |   ├── post
+    |   |   ├── firstpost.md
+    |   |   └── secondpost.md
+    |   └── quote
+    |   |   ├── first.md
+    |   |   └── second.md
+    ├── layouts
+    |   ├── chrome
+    |   |   ├── header.html
+    |   |   └── footer.html
+    |   ├── indexes
+    |   |   ├── category.html
+    |   |   ├── post.html
+    |   |   ├── quote.html
+    |   |   └── tag.html
+    |   ├── post
+    |   |   ├── li.html
+    |   |   ├── single.html
+    |   |   └── summary.html
+    |   ├── quote
+    |   |   ├── li.html
+    |   |   ├── single.html
+    |   |   └── summary.html
+    |   ├── shortcodes
+    |   |   ├── img.html
+    |   |   ├── vimeo.html
+    |   |   └── youtube.html
+    |   ├── index.html
+    |   └── rss.xml
+    └── public
+
+This directory structure tells us a lot about this site:
+
+1. the website intends to have two different types of content, posts and quotes.
+2. It will also apply two different indexes to that content, categories and tags.
+3. It will be displaying content in 3 different views, a list, a summary and a full page view.
+
+Included with the repository is an example site ready to be rendered.
+
+## Configuration
+
+The directory structure and templates provide the majority of the
+configuration for a site. In fact a config file isn't even needed for many websites
+since the defaults used follow commonly used patterns.
+
+**Please note the field names must be all lowercase**
+
+### Config Examples
+
+The following is an example of a yaml config file with the default values:
+
+    ---
+    sourcedir: "content"
+    layoutdir: "layouts"
+    publishdir: "public"
+    builddrafts: false
+    indexes:
+       category: "categories"
+       tag: "tags"
+    baseurl: "http://yoursite.com/"
+    ...
+
+
+The following is an example of a json config file with the default values:
+
+    {
+        "sourcedir": "content",
+        "layoutdir": "layouts",
+        "publishdir": "public",
+        "builddrafts": false,
+        "indexes": {
+           category: "categories",
+           tag: "tags"
+        },
+        "baseurl": "http://yoursite.com/"
+    }
+
+
+The following is an example of a toml config file with the default values:
+
+    sourcedir = "content"
+    layoutdir = "layouts"
+    publishdir = "public"
+    builddrafts = false
+    baseurl = "http://yoursite.com/"
+    [indexes]
+       category = "categories"
+       tag = "tags"
+
+
+## Usage
+Make sure either hugo is in your path or provide a path to it.
+
+    $ hugo --help
+    usage: hugo [flags] []
+      -b, --base-url="": hostname (and path) to the root eg. http://spf13.com/
+      -d, --build-drafts=false: include content marked as draft
+          --config="": config file (default is path/config.yaml|json|toml)
+      -h, --help=false: show this help
+          --port="1313": port to run web server on, default :1313
+      -S, --server=false: run a (very) simple web server
+      -s, --source="": filesystem path to read files relative from
+          --uglyurls=false: use /filename.html instead of /filename/
+      -v, --verbose=false: verbose output
+          --version=false: which version of hugo
+      -w, --watch=false: watch filesystem for changes and recreate as needed
+
+The most common use is probably to run hugo with your current
+directory being the input directory.
+
+
+    $ hugo
+    > X pages created
+    > Y indexes created
+
+
+If you are working on things and want to see the changes
+immediately, tell Hugo to watch for changes. **It will
+recreate the site faster than you can tab over to
+your browser to view the changes.**
+
+    $ hugo --source ~/mysite --watch
+       Watching for changes. Press ctrl+c to stop
+       15 pages created
+       0 tags created
+
+Hugo can even run a server and create your site at the same time!
+
+    $hugo --server -ws ~/mysite
+       Watching for changes. Press ctrl+c to stop
+       15 pages created
+       0 tags created
+       Web Server is available at http://localhost:1313
+       Press ctrl+c to stop
+
+# Layout
+
+Hugo is very flexible about how you organize and structure your content.
+
+## Templates
+
+Hugo uses the excellent golang html/template library for it's template engine. It is an extremely
+lightweight engine that provides a very small amount of logic. In our
+experience that it is just the right amount of logic to be able to create a good static website
+
+This document will not cover how to use golang templates, but the [golang docs](http://golang.org/pkg/html/template/)
+provide a good introduction.
+
+### Template roles
+
+There are 5 different kinds of templates that Hugo works with.
+
+#### index.html
+This file must exist in the layouts directory. It is the template used to render the
+homepage of your site.
+
+#### rss.xml
+This file must exist in the layouts directory. It will be used to render all rss documents.
+The one provided in the example application will generate an ATOM format.
+
+*Important: Hugo will automatically add the following header line to this file.*
+
+    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes" ?>
+
+#### Indexes
+An index is a page that list multiple pieces of content. If you think of a typical blog, the tag
+pages are good examples of indexes.
+
+
+#### Content Type(s)
+Hugo supports multiple types of content. Another way of looking at this is that Hugo has the ability
+to render content in a variety of ways as determined by the type.
+
+#### Chrome
+Chrome is simply the decoration of your site. It's not a requirement to have this, but in practice
+it's very convenient. Hugo doesn't know anything about Chrome, it's simply a convention that you may
+likely find beneficial. As you create the rest of your templates you will include templates from the
+/layout/chrome directory. I've found it helpful to include a header and footer template
+in Chrome so I can include those in the other full page layouts (index.html, indexes/ type/single.html).
+
+### Adding a new content type
+
+Adding a type is easy.
+
+**Step 1:**
+Create a directory with the name of the type in layouts.Type is always singular.  *Eg /layouts/post*.
+
+**Step 2:**
+Create a file called single.html inside your directory. *Eg /layouts/post/single.html*.
+
+**Step 3:**
+Create a file with the same name as your directory in /layouts/indexes/. *Eg /layouts/index/post.html*.
+
+**Step 4:**
+Many sites support rendering content in a few different ways, for instance a single page view and a
+summary view to be used when displaying a list of contents on a single page. Hugo makes no assumptions
+here about how you want to display your content, and will support as many different views of a content
+type as your site requires. All that is required for these additional views is that a template
+exists in each layout/type directory with the same name.
+
+For these, reviewing the example site will be very helpful in order to understand how these types work.
+
+## Variables
+
+Hugo makes a set of values available to the templates. Go templates are context based. The following
+are available in the context for the templates.
+
+**.Title**  The title for the content. <br>
+**.Description** The description for the content.<br>
+**.Keywords** The meta keywords for this content.<br>
+**.Date** The date the content is published on.<br>
+**.Indexes** These will use the field name of the plural form of the index (see tags and categories above)<br>
+**.Permalink** The Permanent link for this page.<br>
+**.FuzzyWordCount** The approximate number of words in the content.<br>
+**.RSSLink** Link to the indexes' rss link <br>
+
+Any value defined in the front matter, including indexes will be made available under `.Params`.
+Take for example I'm using tags and categories as my indexes. The following would be how I would access them:
+
+**.Params.Tags** <br>
+**.Params.Categories** <br>
+
+Also available is `.Site` which has the following:
+
+**.Site.BaseUrl** The base URL for the site as defined in the config.json file.<br>
+**.Site.Indexes** The names of the indexes of the site.<br>
+**.Site.LastChange** The date of the last change of the most recent content.<br>
+**.Site.Recent** Array of all content ordered by Date, newest first<br>
+
+# Content
+Hugo uses markdown files with headers commonly called the front matter. Hugo respects the organization
+that you provide for your content to minimize any extra configuration, though this can be overridden
+by additional configuration in the front matter.
+
+## Organization
+In Hugo the content should be arranged in the same way they are intended for the rendered website.
+Without any additional configuration the following will just work.
+
+    .
+    └── content
+        ├── post
+        |   ├── firstpost.md   // <- http://site.com/post/firstpost.html
+        |   └── secondpost.md  // <- http://site.com/post/secondpost.html
+        └── quote
+            ├── first.md       // <- http://site.com/quote/first.html
+            └── second.md      // <- http://site.com/quote/second.html
+
+
+## Front Matter
+
+The front matter is one of the features that gives Hugo it's strength. It enables
+you to include the meta data of the content right with it. Hugo supports a few
+different formats each with their own identifying tokens.
+
+Supported formats: <br>
+  **YAML**, identified by '\-\-\-'. <br>
+  **TOML**, indentified with '+++'.<br>
+  **JSON**, a single JSON object which is surrounded by '{' and '}' each on their own line.
+
+### YAML Example
+
+    ---
+    title: "spf13-vim 3.0 release and new website"
+    description: "spf13-vim is a cross platform distribution of vim plugins and resources for Vim."
+    tags: [ ".vimrc", "plugins", "spf13-vim", "vim" ]
+    pubdate: "2012-04-06"
+    categories:
+      - "Development"
+      - "VIM"
+    slug: "spf13-vim-3-0-release-and-new-website"
+    ---
+    Content of the file goes Here
+
+### TOML Example
+
+    +++
+    title = "spf13-vim 3.0 release and new website"
+    description = "spf13-vim is a cross platform distribution of vim plugins and resources for Vim."
+    tags = [ ".vimrc", "plugins", "spf13-vim", "vim" ]
+    Pubdate = "2012-04-06"
+    categories = [
+      "Development",
+      "VIM"
+    ]
+    slug = "spf13-vim-3-0-release-and-new-website"
+    +++
+    Content of the file goes Here
+
+### JSON Example
+
+    {
+    "title": "spf13-vim 3.0 release and new website",
+    "description": "spf13-vim is a cross platform distribution of vim plugins and resources for Vim.",
+    "tags": [ ".vimrc", "plugins", "spf13-vim", "vim" ],
+    "date": "2012-04-06",
+    "categories": [
+        "Development",
+        "VIM"
+    ],
+    "slug": "spf13-vim-3-0-release-and-new-website",
+    }
+    Content of the file goes Here
+
+### Variables
+There are a few predefined variables that Hugo is aware of and utilizes. The user can also create
+any variable they want to. These will be placed into the `.Params` variable available to the templates.
+**Field names are case insensitive.**
+
+#### Required
+
+**title**  The title for the content. <br>
+**description** The description for the content.<br>
+**date** The date the content will be sorted by.<br>
+**indexes** These will use the field name of the plural form of the index (see tags and categories above)
+
+#### Optional
+
+**draft** If true the content will not be rendered unless `hugo` is called with -d<br>
+**type** The type of the content (will be derived from the directory automatically if unset).<br>
+**markup** (Experimental) Specify "rst" for reStructuredText (requires
+           `rst2html`,) or "md" (default) for the Markdown.<br>
+**slug** The token to appear in the tail of the url.<br>
+  *or*<br>
+**url** The full path to the content from the web root.<br>
+*If neither is present the filename will be used.*
+
+## Example
+Somethings are better shown than explained. The following is a very basic example of a content file:
+
+**mysite/project/nitro.md  <- http://mysite.com/project/nitro.html**
+
+    ---
+    Title: "Nitro : A quick and simple profiler for golang"
+    Description": ""
+    Keywords": [ "Development", "golang", "profiling" ]
+    Tags": [ "Development", "golang", "profiling" ]
+    Pubdate": "2013-06-19"
+    Topics": [ "Development", "GoLang" ]
+    Slug": "nitro"
+    project_url": "http://github.com/spf13/nitro"
+    ---
+
+    # Nitro
+
+    Quick and easy performance analyzer library for golang.
+
+    ## Overview
+
+    Nitro is a quick and easy performance analyzer library for golang.
+    It is useful for comparing A/B against different drafts of functions
+    or different functions.
+
+    ## Implementing Nitro
+
+    Using Nitro is simple. First use go get to install the latest version
+    of the library.
+
+        $ go get github.com/spf13/nitro
+
+    Next include nitro in your application.
+
+
+# Extras
+
+## Shortcodes
+Because Hugo uses markdown for it's content format, it was clear that there's a lot of things that
+markdown doesn't support well. This is good, the simple nature of markdown is exactly why we chose it.
+
+However we cannot accept being constrained by our simple format. Also unacceptable is writing raw
+html in our markdown every time we want to include unsupported content such as a video. To do
+so is in complete opposition to the intent of using a bare bones format for our content and
+utilizing templates to apply styling for display.
+
+To avoid both of these limitations Hugo has full support for shortcodes.
+
+### What is a shortcode?
+A shortcode is a simple snippet inside a markdown file that Hugo will render using a template.
+
+Short codes are designated by the opening and closing characters of '{{%' and '%}}' respectively.
+Short codes are space delimited. The first word is always the name of the shortcode.  Following the
+name are the parameters. The author of the shortcode can choose if the short code
+will use positional parameters or named parameters (but not both). A good rule of thumb is that if a
+short code has a single required value in the case of the youtube example below then positional
+works very well. For more complex layouts with optional parameters named parameters work best.
+
+The format for named parameters models that of html with the format name="value"
+
+### Example: youtube
+
+    {{% youtube 09jf3ow9jfw %}}
+
+This would be rendered as
+
+    <div class="embed video-player">
+    <iframe class="youtube-player" type="text/html"
+        width="640" height="385"
+        src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/09jf3ow9jfw"
+        allowfullscreen frameborder="0">
+    </iframe>
+    </div>
+
+### Example: image with caption
+
+    {{% img src="/media/spf13.jpg" title="Steve Francia" %}}
+
+Would be rendered as:
+
+    <figure >
+        <img src="/media/spf13.jpg"  />
+        <figcaption>
+            <h4>Steve Francia</h4>
+        </figcaption>
+    </figure>
+
+
+### Creating a shortcode
+
+All that you need to do to create a shortcode is place a template in the layouts/shortcodes directory.
+
+The template name will be the name of the shortcode.
+
+**Inside the template**
+
+To access a parameter by either position or name the index method can be used.
+
+    {{ index .Params 0 }}
+    or
+    {{ index .Params "class" }}
+
+To check if a parameter has been provided use the isset method provided by Hugo.
+
+    {{ if isset .Params "class"}} class="{{ index .Params "class"}}" {{ end }}
+
+
+# Meta
+
+## Release Notes
+
+* **0.7.0** July 4, 2013
+  * Hugo now includes a simple server
+  * First public release
+* **0.6.0** July 2, 2013
+  * Hugo includes an [example documentation site](http://hugo.spf13.com) which it builds
+* **0.5.0** June 25, 2013
+  * Hugo is quite usable and able to build [spf13.com](http://spf13.com)
+
+## Roadmap
+In no particular order, here is what I'm working on:
+
+ * Pagination
+ * Support for top level pages (other than homepage)
+ * Series support
+ * Syntax highlighting
+ * Previous & Next
+ * Related Posts
+ * Support for TOML front matter -- in head
+ * Proper YAML support for front matter -- in head
+ * Support for other formats
+
+## Contributing
+
+1. Fork it
+2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
+3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
+4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
+5. Create new Pull Request
+
+## Contributors
+
+* [spf13](https://github.com/spf13)
+
+
+## License
+
+Hugo is released under the Simple Public License. See [LICENSE.md](https://github.com/spf13/hugo/blob/master/LICENSE.md).