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@ -89,67 +89,149 @@ If you set both `slug` and `url` in front matter, the `url` value takes preceden
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### Permalinks
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In your site configuration, set a URL pattern for regular pages within a top-level section. This is recursive, affecting descendant regular pages.
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In your site configuration, define a URL pattern for each top-level section. Each URL pattern can target a given language and/or [page kind].
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{{% note %}}
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The `permalinks` defined in your site configuration do not apply to section pages. To adjust the URL for section pages, set `url` in front matter.
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{{% /note %}}
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Front matter `url` values override the URL patterns defined in the `permalinks` section of your site configuration.
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#### Examples {#permalinks-examples}
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[page kind]: https://gohugo.io/templates/section-templates/#page-kinds
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#### Monolingual examples {#permalinks-monolingual-examples}
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With this content structure:
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```text
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content/
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├── posts/
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│ ├── _index.md
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│ ├── post-1.md
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│ └── post-2.md
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│ ├── bash-in-slow-motion.md
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│ └── tls-in-a-nutshell.md
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├── tutorials/
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│ ├── git-for-beginners.md
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│ └── javascript-bundling-with-hugo.md
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└── _index.md
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```
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Create a date-based hierarchy, recursively, for regular pages within the `posts` section:
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Render tutorials under "training", and render the posts under "articles" with a date-base hierarchy:
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{{< code-toggle file="hugo" copy=false >}}
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[permalinks]
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posts = '/posts/:year/:month/:title/'
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[permalinks.page]
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posts = '/articles/:year/:month/:slug/'
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tutorials = '/training/:slug/'
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[permalinks.section]
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posts = '/articles/'
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tutorials = '/training/'
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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The structure of the published site will be:
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```text
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public/
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├── posts/
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│ ├── 2023/
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│ │ └── 03/
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│ │ ├── post-1/
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│ │ │ └── index.html
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│ │ └── post-2/
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│ │ └── index.html
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│ └── index.html
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├── favicon.ico
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├── articles/
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│ ├── 2023/
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│ │ ├── 04/
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│ │ │ └── bash-in-slow-motion/
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│ │ │ └── index.html
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│ │ └── 06/
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│ │ └── tls-in-a-nutshell/
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│ │ └── index.html
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│ └── index.html
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├── training/
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│ ├── git-for-beginners/
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│ │ └── index.html
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│ ├── javascript-bundling-with-hugo/
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│ │ └── index.html
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│ └── index.html
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└── index.html
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```
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To create a date-based hierarchy for regular pages in the content root:
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{{< code-toggle file="hugo" copy=false >}}
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[permalinks]
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'/' = '/:year/:month/:title/'
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[permalinks.page]
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"/" = "/:year/:month/:slug/"
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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{{% note %}}
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A URL pattern defined for the content root is not recursive.
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{{% /note %}}
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Use the same approach with taxonomies. For example, to omit the taxonomy segment of the URL:
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Use the same approach with taxonomy terms. For example, to omit the taxonomy segment of the URL:
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{{< code-toggle file="hugo" copy=false >}}
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[permalinks]
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'tags' = '/:title/'
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[permalinks.term]
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'tags' = '/:slug/'
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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Front matter `url` values take precedence over URL patterns defined in `permalinks`.
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#### Multilingual example {#permalinks-multilingual-example}
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Use the `permalinks` configuration as a component of your localization strategy.
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With this content structure:
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```text
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content/
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├── de/
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│ ├── books/
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│ │ ├── les-miserables.md
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│ │ └── the-hunchback-of-notre-dame.md
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│ └── _index.md
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└── en/
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├── books/
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│ ├── les-miserables.md
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│ └── the-hunchback-of-notre-dame.md
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└── _index.md
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```
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And this site configuration:
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{{< code-toggle file="hugo" copy=false >}}
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defaultContentLanguage = 'en'
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defaultContentLanguageInSubdir = true
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[languages.en]
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contentDir = 'content/en'
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languageCode = 'en-US'
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languageDirection = 'ltr'
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languageName = 'English'
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weight = 1
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[languages.en.permalinks.page]
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books = "/books/:slug/"
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[languages.en.permalinks.section]
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books = "/books/"
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[languages.es]
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contentDir = 'content/de'
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languageCode = 'es-ES'
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languageDirection = 'ltr'
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languageName = 'Español'
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weight = 2
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[languages.es.permalinks.page]
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books = "/libros/:slug/"
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[languages.es.permalinks.section]
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books = "/libros/"
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{{< /code-toggle >}}
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The structure of the published site will be:
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```text
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public/
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├── en/
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│ ├── books/
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│ │ ├── les-miserables/
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│ │ │ └── index.html
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│ │ ├── the-hunchback-of-notre-dame/
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│ │ │ └── index.html
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│ │ └── index.html
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│ └── index.html
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├── es/
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│ ├── libros/
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│ │ ├── les-miserables/
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│ │ │ └── index.html
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│ │ ├── the-hunchback-of-notre-dame/
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│ │ │ └── index.html
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│ │ └── index.html
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│ └── index.html
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└── index.html
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````
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#### Tokens
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