hugo/content/en/content-management/formats.md

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---
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title: Content Formats
linktitle: Content Formats
description: Both HTML and Markdown are supported content formats.
date: 2017-01-10
publishdate: 2017-01-10
lastmod: 2017-04-06
categories: [content management]
keywords: [markdown,asciidoc,mmark,pandoc,content format]
menu:
docs:
parent: "content-management"
weight: 20
weight: 20 #rem
draft: false
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aliases: [/content/markdown-extras/,/content/supported-formats/,/doc/supported-formats/]
toc: true
---
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You can put any file type into your `/content` directories, but Hugo uses the `markup` front matter value if set or the file extension (see `Markup identifiers` in the table below) to determine if the markup needs to be processed, e.g.:
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* Markdown converted to HTML
* [Shortcodes](/content-management/shortcodes/) processed
* Layout applied
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## List of content formats
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The current list of content formats in Hugo:
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| Name | Markup identifiers | Comment |
| ------------- | ------------- |-------------|
| Goldmark | md, markdown, goldmark |Note that you can set the default handler of `md` and `markdown` to something else, see [Configure Markup](/getting-started/configuration-markup/).{{< new-in "0.60.0" >}} |
| Blackfriday | blackfriday |Blackfriday will eventually be deprecated.|
|MMark|mmark|Mmark is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.|
|Emacs Org-Mode|org|See [go-org](https://github.com/niklasfasching/go-org).|
|AsciiDoc|asciidocext, adoc, ad|Needs [Asciidoctor][ascii] installed.|
|RST|rst|Needs [RST](http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html) installed.|
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|Pandoc|pandoc, pdc|Needs [Pandoc](https://www.pandoc.org/) installed.|
|HTML|html, htm|To be treated as a content file, with layout, shortcodes etc., it must have front matter. If not, it will be copied as-is.|
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The `markup identifier` is fetched from either the `markup` variable in front matter or from the file extension. For markup-related configuration, see [Configure Markup](/getting-started/configuration-markup/).
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## External Helpers
Some of the formats in the table above needs external helpers installed on your PC. For example, for AsciiDoc files,
Hugo will try to call the `asciidoctor` command. This means that you will have to install the associated
tool on your machine to be able to use these formats.
Hugo passes reasonable default arguments to these external helpers by default:
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- `asciidoctor`: `--no-header-footer -`
- `rst2html`: `--leave-comments --initial-header-level=2`
- `pandoc`: `--mathjax`
{{% warning "Performance of External Helpers" %}}
Because additional formats are external commands, generation performance will rely heavily on the performance of the external tool you are using. As this feature is still in its infancy, feedback is welcome.
{{% /warning %}}
### External Helper AsciiDoc
[AsciiDoc](https://github.com/asciidoc/asciidoc) implementation EOLs in Jan 2020 and is no longer supported.
AsciiDoc development is being continued under [Asciidoctor](https://github.com/asciidoctor). The format AsciiDoc
remains of course. Please continue with the implementation Asciidoctor.
### External Helper Asciidoctor
The Asciidoctor community offers a wide set of tools for the AsciiDoc format that can be installed additionally to Hugo.
[See the Asciidoctor docs for installation instructions](https://asciidoctor.org/docs/install-toolchain/). Make sure that also all
optional extensions like `asciidoctor-diagram` or `asciidoctor-html5s` are installed if required.
Asciidoctor parameters can be customized in Hugo:
Parameter | Default | Comment
--- | --- | ---
backend | `html5` | Don't change this unless you know what you are doing.
doctype | `article` | Currently supported Document type is `article`.
extensions | | Possible extensions are `asciidoctor-html5s`, `asciidoctor-bibtex`, `asciidoctor-diagram`, `asciidoctor-interdoc-reftext`, `asciidoctor-katex`, `asciidoctor-latex`, `asciidoctor-mathematical`, `asciidoctor-question`, `asciidoctor-rouge`.
attributes | | Variables to be referenced in your `adoc` file. This is a list of variable name/value maps. See [Asciidoctor#attributes](https://asciidoctor.org/docs/asciidoc-syntax-quick-reference/#attributes-and-substitutions).
noheaderorfooter | true | Output an embeddable document, which excludes the header, the footer, and everything outside the body of the document. Don't change this unless you know what you are doing.
safemode | `unsafe` | Safe mode level `unsafe`, `safe`, `server` or `secure`. Don't change this unless you know what you are doing.
sectionnumbers | `false` | Auto-number section titles.
verbose | `false` | Verbosely print processing information and configuration file checks to stderr.
Squashed 'docs/' changes from 4895c29c5..9abd3043a 9abd3043a Add docs for shimming JS libraries 6a1c8dcd7 Update sitemap-template.md (#1245) 37c397332 Update frontends.md a0f86f6df Update configuration.md bb00cb2c1 Update page-bundles.md 773212de6 Restructure and simplify fcba7dddf Some minor clarifications of weight sorting 759b967fc Update configuration-markup.md 56708f0b7 module import path remove slash at end 59f4f4acd Doc: Fix typo in hugo command faacf2e97 Clarify pagination documentation (#1208) d8eb60887 netlify: Bump to 0.75.1 8cedf6231 Merge branch 'temp751' 188e2bf56 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.75.1 c96d4b7a3 Update index.md 1a9d192f7 Update index.md 32731b916 Update index.md a5bfa0c9a Restore the ... home page b6850bf96 Release 0.75.0 d6e5e624f releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.75.0 8cd6b4f47 typo: already -> already 2cb2b22bb Merge commit '534ae9c57a902aea9ed6e62390dec11fa74b7122' e3525de23 docs: Regen docs helper fd746dd83 docs: Regenerate CLI docs e20127980 Add "hugo mod npm pack" 8e82c7ce1 markup/highlight: Add support to linkable line anchors on Chroma 21e94911b markup/asciidocext: Fix AsciiDoc TOC with code 50b8dace5 modules: Add noVendor to module config d05b541fe modules: Make ignoreVendor a glob pattern c946082e7 docs: Update replaceRE func 149054341 docs: Update replace func d917567df docs: Update merge function f1e093c92 docs: Regen CLI docs c7bac967d docs: Regen docs helper 7a38f7a45 Merge commit '7d7771b673e5949f554515a2c236b23192c765c8' 1a5a7263a markup/asciidoc: Add support for .TableOfContents git-subtree-dir: docs git-subtree-split: 9abd3043a9214b390e8cc148f4588bf630620851
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trace | `false` | Include backtrace information on errors.
failurelevel | `fatal` | The minimum logging level that triggers a non-zero exit code (failure).
workingfoldercurrent | `false` | Set the working folder to the rendered `adoc` file, so [include](https://asciidoctor.org/docs/asciidoc-syntax-quick-reference/#include-files) will work with relative paths. This setting uses the `asciidoctor` cli parameter `--base-dir` and attribute `outdir=`. For rendering [asciidoctor-diagram](https://asciidoctor.org/docs/asciidoctor-diagram/) `workingfoldercurrent` must be set to `true`.
```
[markup.asciidocext]
extensions = ["asciidoctor-html5s", "asciidoctor-diagram"]
workingFolderCurrent = true
[markup.asciidocext.attributes]
my-base-url = "https://example.com/"
my-attribute-name = "my value"
```
Important: External `asciidoctor` requires Hugo rendering to _disk_ to a specific destination folder. It is required to run Hugo with the command option `--destination`!
In a complex Asciidoctor environment it is sometimes helpful to debug the exact call to your external helper with all
parameters. Run Hugo with `-v`. You will get an output like
```
INFO 2019/12/22 09:08:48 Rendering book-as-pdf.adoc with C:\Ruby26-x64\bin\asciidoctor.bat using asciidoc args [--no-header-footer -r asciidoctor-html5s -b html5s -r asciidoctor-diagram --base-dir D:\prototypes\hugo_asciidoc_ddd\docs -a outdir=D:\prototypes\hugo_asciidoc_ddd\build -] ...
```
## Learn Markdown
Markdown syntax is simple enough to learn in a single sitting. The following are excellent resources to get you up and running:
* [Daring Fireball: Markdown, John Gruber (Creator of Markdown)][fireball]
* [Markdown Cheatsheet, Adam Pritchard][mdcheatsheet]
* [Markdown Tutorial (Interactive), Garen Torikian][mdtutorial]
* [The Markdown Guide, Matt Cone][mdguide]
[`emojify` function]: /functions/emojify/
[ascii]: https://asciidoctor.org/
[bfconfig]: /getting-started/configuration/#configuring-blackfriday-rendering
[blackfriday]: https://github.com/russross/blackfriday
[mmark]: https://github.com/miekg/mmark
[config]: /getting-started/configuration/
[developer tools]: /tools/
[emojis]: https://www.webpagefx.com/tools/emoji-cheat-sheet/
[fireball]: https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/
[gfmtasks]: https://guides.github.com/features/mastering-markdown/#syntax
[helperssource]: https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/blob/77c60a3440806067109347d04eb5368b65ea0fe8/helpers/general.go#L65
[hl]: /content-management/syntax-highlighting/
[hlsc]: /content-management/shortcodes/#highlight
[hugocss]: /css/style.css
[ietf]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/
[mathjaxdocs]: https://docs.mathjax.org/en/latest/
[mdcheatsheet]: https://github.com/adam-p/markdown-here/wiki/Markdown-Cheatsheet
[mdguide]: https://www.markdownguide.org/
[mdtutorial]: https://www.markdowntutorial.com/
[Miek Gieben's website]: https://miek.nl/2016/march/05/mmark-syntax-document/
[mmark]: https://github.com/mmarkdown/mmark
[org]: https://orgmode.org/
[pandoc]: https://www.pandoc.org/
Squashed 'docs/' changes from 19f44e150..ec0abe052 ec0abe052 Update index.md ed44339cd Update bio.md cef04eb95 Minor edits 4d45dcc8d Submitting Digital.gov to the Hugo Showcase d35126af7 Azure uses storage containers, not buckets; edited accordingly. (#1078) 9c249cc89 fix grammatical error 9728699a3 Release Hugo 0.69.2 cccabed0c Merge branch 'temp692' 3d0a740c4 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.69.2 b760aceb1 HTTPS external links in docs 49e4631b0 Release 0.69.1 01f3da870 Merge branch 'temp691' 8280d85aa releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.69.1 40ea44d24 fix typo (#1088) 725f53643 Rebuild cache 80ee1efd9 Add KeyCDN Showcase f253e906e docs: Fix typo in Hugo's Security Model b3ffd1ad3 Mentioning a range is equivalent to foreach (#1086) 0c396911f Update jsonify function docs 376befc9a Fix typo (#1084) 4bdc9bc72 Mark .Page.UniqueID as deprecated and add .File.UniqueID 30a7b7bf2 Update hosting-on-github.md c5db4ba2b Update postprocess.md 1121f74a5 Update install guide with Scoop extended 8988aa6fa Merge branch 'postprocess' 225d3f9c7 Release Hugo 0.69.0 4caf7a89a releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.69.0 664b2a0fa Document resources.PostProcess and buildStats 9737b34e9 docs: Regen docs helper 0fab3ba24 Merge commit 'da3c3e5fbd0de65f956618cd2e35401460a3cd02' 96dad83b1 Update hosting-on-aws-amplify.md 57eb27897 Merge commit 'c494c37a4523fbf2db6274dc87e0877fd5bec24b' dcc7afef7 fix typo in getting started git-subtree-dir: docs git-subtree-split: ec0abe052bcfebc65c323df4ff14ad277bb405d8
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[Pygments]: https://pygments.org/
[rest]: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/rst.html
[sc]: /content-management/shortcodes/
[sct]: /templates/shortcode-templates/