hugo/content/en/functions/scratch.md

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---
title: .Scratch
description: Acts as a "scratchpad" to allow for writable page- or shortcode-scoped variables.
godocref:
date: 2017-02-01
publishdate: 2017-02-01
lastmod: 2017-02-01
keywords: [iteration]
categories: [functions]
menu:
docs:
parent: "functions"
toc:
signature: []
workson: []
hugoversion:
relatedfuncs: []
deprecated: false
draft: false
aliases: [/extras/scratch/,/doc/scratch/]
---
In most cases you can do okay without `Scratch`, but due to scoping issues, there are many use cases that aren't solvable in Go Templates without `Scratch`'s help.
{{% note %}}
See [this Go issue](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/10608) for the main motivation behind Scratch.
{{% /note %}}
{{% note %}}
For a detailed analysis of `.Scratch` and in context use cases, see this [post](https://regisphilibert.com/blog/2017/04/hugo-scratch-explained-variable/).
{{% /note %}}
Squashed 'docs/' changes from f59b3ab06..cfe89ecbc cfe89ecbc Set all *.png files under static/images to mode 0644 d847ccd8b More spelling error fixes bf1405d92 Correction: .Pages on homepage is same as .Site.RegularPages 7efa41ff5 Merge commit 'd137efe0222269e09b427325176f0044558e3cc5' d137efe02 Squashed 'themes/gohugoioTheme/' changes from f31a3dc8..66249819 50df8bfb8 Replace .Data.Pages with .Pages 85d3712d0 Mention the newScratch template func 1c234db1b Release 0.44 a51cb3e36 Merge branch 'temp44' ec424a5e2 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.45-DEV 425e85574 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.44 e6f9c65a2 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.44 45548a5c9 Arch Linux: Partial upgrades are unsupported c0430f8f9 Update MenuEntry properties documentation 79109b685 Refresh the documentation on staticDir config parameter 80ed4592b Remove duplicate links; also sort them alphabetically f00a4e232 HTTPS links to third-party sites 2f6f682ba Fixed a typo 4be105202 add openbsd howto install 39808f50a Fix typo b55c0f3a0 Fix URL to hugotest 2fb157237 Release Hugo 0.43 e8af6a970 Merge branch 'temp43' 563dd4173 Adjust release notes 50aed2e52 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.44-DEV 363b363ff releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.43 93bfbef62 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.43 893a27d33 Fix typos fe5908257 Celebrate: a few typo and grammar fixes bb20442df Merge commit '98293eaa1570b5aff4452021c8b6d6c8560b3f06' ef3d63936 Add a newScratch template func bf100a3cd Merge branch 'release-0.42.2' f1133c544 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.43-DEV 2ce058057 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.42.2 6073927c6 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.42.2 3bafddd52 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.43-DEV 8b9f805bd releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.42.1 efb6638ba releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.42.1 1e74ffbe0 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.43-DEV 2d2d0f8ab releaser: Add release notes to 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0.40.3 9af79e531 Merge commit '83bef6955e014d40c0f00db9cebe09113154e999' c4200dd0e Fix typo 8f8323336 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.41-DEV 9fab87505 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.40.2 83648c666 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.40.2 e6434d104 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.41-DEV 9389b2973 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.40.1 32979e28a releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.40.1 196174a76 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.41-DEV 490a997bb releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.40 018aa6471 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.40 92221934c Merge commit 'a215abf70e018f4bf40d6c09d8bd148d8684b33d' 0a58ef56e Merge commit 'd2ec1a06df8ab6b17ad05cb008d5701b40327d47' 312ab58c6 Improve .Get docs e43e8cee3 .Get function: fix syntax signature bb16150bc releaser: Prepare repository for 0.40-DEV 8cc80fed9 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.39 f7aa0d1c5 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.39 42e48706a Merge commit '047c4188dfc854f658d16f1e4a9501f9c97a31c7' 76acab68b releaser: Prepare repository for 0.39-DEV d270600b0 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.38.2 97be36992 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.38.2 cd29b8b79 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.39-DEV 9983a4bdf releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.38.1 7774afd01 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.38.1 b89157f20 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.39-DEV af4d0bf62 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.38 ca98e7d4f releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.38 8b773833a Merge commit 'ed8bf081fdbf336e026517b7e1b123c039014ab5' 24202bb71 docs: Generate docshelper data 43d15975d Add .Site.IsServer 6f99d3d65 Merge commit '0a23baa6a90901f772c234107c4f12c16c76f4aa' 17487ccdd hugolib: Add Reset method to delete key from Scratch ccbf7a05c docs: Add docs for lang.Merge 5ad46d78e Merge commit '3886fc1fef6ac19d58b9ba1bb642d0c6c9a54031' ac403c280 docs: Add docs on the new front matter configuration 6066c60e6 Merge commit 'c0290655825e7bb36e13fb39f89d85b392cf1adc' ee605c7ae releaser: Prepare repository for 0.38-DEV 31a4de966 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.37.1 9dd3dafe1 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.37.1 141750aec releaser: Prepare repository for 0.38-DEV c9bb39bc3 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.37 c7009f064 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.37 9f727d916 Merge commit '900b5f6cfe5a377ef369d26cd700201be4cf6b06' 87fd97853 Merge commit '374d184e6747678364fd61f5faf328ec9205eb6b' 244deafc2 Fix typos in development contribution doc 608c80f72 Merge branch 'release-0.36.1' 0f8ffbd5c releaser: Prepare repository for 0.37-DEV 5028ee849 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.36.1 9ccc7cb11 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.36.1 3db31be07 Merge commit '9cc9bab46288d8d5f9fda7009c5f746258cec1b4' 9468246c5 Add "target" and "rel" parameters to figure shortcode 6d7fa89f9 releaser: 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'f3cd083961f36dc96d05e98aaf67f650102bc757' b9183604b Add Pandoc support, refactor external helpers 3f9b9474c releaser: Prepare repository for 0.32-DEV 11e4ce514 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.31.1 aebb1504b releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.31.1 d70b54d4a releaser: Prepare repository for 0.32-DEV cdc10468e releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.31 38bd41cab releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.31 1c581a11d Merge commit '30c0d485eaff6d70df1be0353911ddca485d52bf' b88e46d02 Merge commit '05e42bc643f1840ed2ad9c2eff82a269d1381683' a45ab174e Handle Taxonomy permalinks 9f27354f6 Add support for height argument to figure shortcode acc8e49c1 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.31-DEV 977266b19 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.30.2 31b672844 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.30.2 b8f6b72a8 Merge commit '325009c3fd4ac90021897b7e3e025c14e70ce162' c6e3dae71 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.31-DEV 2a3c7c7d9 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.30.1 4c014117a releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.30.1 1da61da06 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.31-DEV 24864a46b releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.30 3011aa44a releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.30 bcbf3237b Merge commit 'ecf5e081b5540e69f4af330233f39a07baf53846' ab68b99ed Merge commit 'dae5a7c61cceeb0de59f2d755f63e453f71dd9b2' 0ae435725 tpl: Add errorf template function ac3fb3808 Change SummaryLength to be configurable (#3924) 3c0e4fa70 tpl: Add os.fileExists template function 9290f3983 Merge commit '9d68f695e782c6a83c77aff13317c7a22c694c98' 394e8b3f6 tpl: Add float template function c0c48c2ea releaser: Prepare repository for 0.30-DEV 0806d910b releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.29 0d1101836 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.29 5d92b552b releaser: Prepare repository for 0.29-DEV 1ef521182 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.28 c5441cff1 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.28 46c2786f1 Merge commit '61c27b58b353c73772aae572c7d822fdfdf7791b' 6fed4008f Merge commit '30694a133a88d5f76a51d0372646e10cbeca7691' 595752e2f Merge commit '7a89dce53bfbd67a17442a8f9be8fa895fc4f9b1' af14cae0c Merge commit 'ba45da9d03056447e4873de13d4e0f8d658a769b' d0bb30963 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.28-DEV 469bf26aa releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.27.1 06ea00c12 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.27.1 0668af58e releaser: Prepare repository for 0.28-DEV 4ce00c84d releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.27 68f318d0b releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.27 509ad6cc0 docs: Merge commit '1b4319be62ba071f79e90ef32dbe92eb893429f7' c625ae1ce docs: Document Related Content ecd5c24f5 docs: Merge commit '7d63a23b0c68d9cd7c7c09c2755619237bc03485' b97b84f9d Update docs versiona and README 2238f7a4a Merge commit 'ec4e6f9df2ab9ffdc62a3f59675369096e0d3f77' as 'docs' git-subtree-dir: docs git-subtree-split: cfe89ecbc2288a7270c23dbcc179733c8d978c4c
2018-07-18 05:04:57 -04:00
## Get a Scratch
Squashed 'docs/' changes from f59b3ab06..cfe89ecbc cfe89ecbc Set all *.png files under static/images to mode 0644 d847ccd8b More spelling error fixes bf1405d92 Correction: .Pages on homepage is same as .Site.RegularPages 7efa41ff5 Merge commit 'd137efe0222269e09b427325176f0044558e3cc5' d137efe02 Squashed 'themes/gohugoioTheme/' changes from f31a3dc8..66249819 50df8bfb8 Replace .Data.Pages with .Pages 85d3712d0 Mention the newScratch template func 1c234db1b Release 0.44 a51cb3e36 Merge branch 'temp44' ec424a5e2 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.45-DEV 425e85574 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.44 e6f9c65a2 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.44 45548a5c9 Arch Linux: Partial upgrades are unsupported c0430f8f9 Update MenuEntry properties documentation 79109b685 Refresh the documentation on staticDir config parameter 80ed4592b Remove duplicate links; also sort them alphabetically f00a4e232 HTTPS links to third-party sites 2f6f682ba Fixed a typo 4be105202 add openbsd howto install 39808f50a Fix typo b55c0f3a0 Fix URL to hugotest 2fb157237 Release Hugo 0.43 e8af6a970 Merge branch 'temp43' 563dd4173 Adjust release notes 50aed2e52 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.44-DEV 363b363ff releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.43 93bfbef62 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.43 893a27d33 Fix typos fe5908257 Celebrate: a few typo and grammar fixes bb20442df Merge commit '98293eaa1570b5aff4452021c8b6d6c8560b3f06' ef3d63936 Add a newScratch template func bf100a3cd Merge branch 'release-0.42.2' f1133c544 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.43-DEV 2ce058057 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.42.2 6073927c6 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.42.2 3bafddd52 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.43-DEV 8b9f805bd releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.42.1 efb6638ba releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.42.1 1e74ffbe0 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.43-DEV 2d2d0f8ab releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.42 17f685813 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.42 67ef1a0e1 docs: Update theme documentation d74874e1e docs: Remove some files now moved 771d50cf3 Merge commit 'b239595af5a9fc1fc9a1ccc666c3ab06ccc32f04' f9b5fd2d2 tplimpl: Remove speakerdeck shortcode 523206579 tpl/strings: strings.RuneCount b389efc88 tpl: Add strings.Repeat a41ad0254 Add a BlackFriday option for rel="noreferrer" on external links a6e279362 Add a BlackFriday option for rel="nofollow" on external links 7e2c9846e releaser: Prepare repository for 0.42-DEV b4f81c38a releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.41 55667b3a1 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.41 afceb02d3 docs: Document the GDPR Privacy Config 8b8289027 Merge commit 'd2b1030060d3c91d5f9ffa3456418da16bd74f1d' be04a8886 Merge branch 'release-0.40.3' 33ca0b8da releaser: Prepare repository for 0.41-DEV 8c9a5a850 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.40.3 85845a4fd releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.40.3 9af79e531 Merge commit '83bef6955e014d40c0f00db9cebe09113154e999' c4200dd0e Fix typo 8f8323336 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.41-DEV 9fab87505 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.40.2 83648c666 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.40.2 e6434d104 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.41-DEV 9389b2973 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.40.1 32979e28a releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.40.1 196174a76 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.41-DEV 490a997bb releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.40 018aa6471 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.40 92221934c Merge commit 'a215abf70e018f4bf40d6c09d8bd148d8684b33d' 0a58ef56e Merge commit 'd2ec1a06df8ab6b17ad05cb008d5701b40327d47' 312ab58c6 Improve .Get docs e43e8cee3 .Get function: fix syntax signature bb16150bc releaser: Prepare repository for 0.40-DEV 8cc80fed9 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.39 f7aa0d1c5 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.39 42e48706a Merge commit '047c4188dfc854f658d16f1e4a9501f9c97a31c7' 76acab68b releaser: Prepare repository for 0.39-DEV d270600b0 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.38.2 97be36992 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.38.2 cd29b8b79 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.39-DEV 9983a4bdf releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.38.1 7774afd01 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.38.1 b89157f20 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.39-DEV af4d0bf62 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.38 ca98e7d4f releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.38 8b773833a Merge commit 'ed8bf081fdbf336e026517b7e1b123c039014ab5' 24202bb71 docs: Generate docshelper data 43d15975d Add .Site.IsServer 6f99d3d65 Merge commit '0a23baa6a90901f772c234107c4f12c16c76f4aa' 17487ccdd hugolib: Add Reset method to delete key from Scratch ccbf7a05c docs: Add docs for lang.Merge 5ad46d78e Merge commit '3886fc1fef6ac19d58b9ba1bb642d0c6c9a54031' ac403c280 docs: Add docs on the new front matter configuration 6066c60e6 Merge commit 'c0290655825e7bb36e13fb39f89d85b392cf1adc' ee605c7ae releaser: Prepare repository for 0.38-DEV 31a4de966 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.37.1 9dd3dafe1 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.37.1 141750aec releaser: Prepare repository for 0.38-DEV c9bb39bc3 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.37 c7009f064 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.37 9f727d916 Merge commit '900b5f6cfe5a377ef369d26cd700201be4cf6b06' 87fd97853 Merge commit '374d184e6747678364fd61f5faf328ec9205eb6b' 244deafc2 Fix typos in development contribution doc 608c80f72 Merge branch 'release-0.36.1' 0f8ffbd5c releaser: Prepare repository for 0.37-DEV 5028ee849 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.36.1 9ccc7cb11 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.36.1 3db31be07 Merge commit '9cc9bab46288d8d5f9fda7009c5f746258cec1b4' 9468246c5 Add "target" and "rel" parameters to figure shortcode 6d7fa89f9 releaser: 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'f3cd083961f36dc96d05e98aaf67f650102bc757' b9183604b Add Pandoc support, refactor external helpers 3f9b9474c releaser: Prepare repository for 0.32-DEV 11e4ce514 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.31.1 aebb1504b releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.31.1 d70b54d4a releaser: Prepare repository for 0.32-DEV cdc10468e releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.31 38bd41cab releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.31 1c581a11d Merge commit '30c0d485eaff6d70df1be0353911ddca485d52bf' b88e46d02 Merge commit '05e42bc643f1840ed2ad9c2eff82a269d1381683' a45ab174e Handle Taxonomy permalinks 9f27354f6 Add support for height argument to figure shortcode acc8e49c1 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.31-DEV 977266b19 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.30.2 31b672844 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.30.2 b8f6b72a8 Merge commit '325009c3fd4ac90021897b7e3e025c14e70ce162' c6e3dae71 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.31-DEV 2a3c7c7d9 releaser: Add 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From Hugo `0.43` you can also create a locally scoped `Scratch` by calling `newScratch`:
```go-html-template
$scratch := newScratch
$scratch.Set "greeting" "Hello"
```
A `Scratch` is also added to both `Page` and `Shortcode`. `Sratch` have the following methods:
#### .Set
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'f3cd083961f36dc96d05e98aaf67f650102bc757' b9183604b Add Pandoc support, refactor external helpers 3f9b9474c releaser: Prepare repository for 0.32-DEV 11e4ce514 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.31.1 aebb1504b releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.31.1 d70b54d4a releaser: Prepare repository for 0.32-DEV cdc10468e releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.31 38bd41cab releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.31 1c581a11d Merge commit '30c0d485eaff6d70df1be0353911ddca485d52bf' b88e46d02 Merge commit '05e42bc643f1840ed2ad9c2eff82a269d1381683' a45ab174e Handle Taxonomy permalinks 9f27354f6 Add support for height argument to figure shortcode acc8e49c1 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.31-DEV 977266b19 releaser: Add release notes to /docs for release of 0.30.2 31b672844 releaser: Bump versions for release of 0.30.2 b8f6b72a8 Merge commit '325009c3fd4ac90021897b7e3e025c14e70ce162' c6e3dae71 releaser: Prepare repository for 0.31-DEV 2a3c7c7d9 releaser: Add 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Set the given value to a given key
```go-html-template
{{ .Scratch.Set "greeting" "Hello" }}
```
#### .Get
Get the value of a given key
```go-html-template
{{ .Scratch.Set "greeting" "Hello" }}
----
{{ .Scratch.Get "greeting" }} > Hello
```
#### .Add
Will add a given value to existing value of the given key.
For single values, `Add` accepts values that support Go's `+` operator. If the first `Add` for a key is an array or slice, the following adds will be appended to that list.
```go-html-template
{{ .Scratch.Add "greetings" "Hello" }}
{{ .Scratch.Add "greetings" "Welcome" }}
----
{{ .Scratch.Get "greetings" }} > HelloWelcome
```
```go-html-template
{{ .Scratch.Add "total" 3 }}
{{ .Scratch.Add "total" 7 }}
----
{{ .Scratch.Get "total" }} > 10
```
```go-html-template
{{ .Scratch.Add "greetings" (slice "Hello") }}
{{ .Scratch.Add "greetings" (slice "Welcome" "Cheers") }}
----
{{ .Scratch.Get "greetings" }} > []interface {}{"Hello", "Welcome", "Cheers"}
```
#### .SetInMap
Takes a `key`, `mapKey` and `value` and add a map of `mapKey` and `value` to the given `key`.
```go-html-template
{{ .Scratch.SetInMap "greetings" "english" "Hello" }}
{{ .Scratch.SetInMap "greetings" "french" "Bonjour" }}
----
{{ .Scratch.Get "greetings" }} > map[french:Bonjour english:Hello]
```
#### .GetSortedMapValues
Returns array of values from `key` sorted by `mapKey`
```go-html-template
{{ .Scratch.SetInMap "greetings" "english" "Hello" }}
{{ .Scratch.SetInMap "greetings" "french" "Bonjour" }}
----
{{ .Scratch.GetSortedMapValues "greetings" }} > [Hello Bonjour]
```
#### .Delete
Removes the given key
```go-html-template
{{ .Scratch.Delete "greetings" }}
```
## Scope
The scope of the backing data is global for the given `Page` or `Shortcode`, and spans partial and shortcode includes.
Note that `.Scratch` from a shortcode will return the shortcode's `Scratch`, which in most cases is what you want. If you want to store it in the page scoped Scratch, then use `.Page.Scratch`.
[pagevars]: /variables/page/