feat: add a dockerfile

Signed-off-by: David Mehren <git@herrmehren.de>

.dockerignore

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+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 The HedgeDoc developers (see AUTHORS file)
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0-1.0
+
+dist
+
+# Yarn 2 without zero-installs
+.yarn/*
+!.yarn/patches
+!.yarn/releases
+!.yarn/plugins
+!.yarn/sdks
+!.yarn/versions
+.pnp.*

docker/Dockerfile

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+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 The HedgeDoc developers (see AUTHORS file)
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only
+#
+# This Dockerfile uses features which are only available in BuildKit - see
+# https://docs.docker.com/go/buildkit/ for more information.
+#
+# To build the image, run `docker build` command from the root of the
+# repository:
+#
+#    DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build -f docker/Dockerfile .
+
+## Stage 0: Base image with only yarn and package.json
+FROM docker.io/node:16-alpine as base
+# Add tini to handle signals
+# https://github.com/nodejs/docker-node/blob/main/docs/BestPractices.md#handling-kernel-signals
+RUN apk add --no-cache tini
+ENTRYPOINT ["tini"]
+
+USER node
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+COPY --chown=node .yarn .yarn
+COPY --chown=node package.json yarn.lock .yarnrc.yml ./
+
+
+## Stage 1: Code with all dependencies
+FROM base as code-with-deps
+USER node
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+# Install dependencies first to not invalidate the cache on every source change
+RUN --mount=type=cache,sharing=locked,uid=1000,gid=1000,target=/tmp/.yarn \
+    YARN_CACHE_FOLDER=/tmp/.yarn yarn install --immutable
+
+COPY --chown=node nest-cli.json tsconfig.json tsconfig.build.json ./
+COPY --chown=node src src
+
+
+## Stage 2a: Dev config files and tests
+FROM code-with-deps as development
+USER node
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+COPY --chown=node .eslintrc.js eslint-local-rules.js .prettierrc jest-e2e.json  ./
+COPY --chown=node test test
+
+CMD ["node", "-r", "ts-node/register", "src/main.ts"]
+
+## Stage 2b: Compile TypeScript
+FROM code-with-deps as builder
+USER node
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+
+RUN yarn run build
+
+
+## Stage 3: Final image, only production dependencies
+FROM base as prod
+
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.title='HedgeDoc production image'
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.url='https://hedgedoc.org'
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source='https://github.com/hedgedoc/hedgedoc'
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.documentation='https://github.com/hedgedoc/hedgedoc/blob/develop/docker/README.md'
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.licenses='AGPL-3.0'
+
+USER node
+WORKDIR /usr/src/app
+ENV NODE_ENV=production
+
+COPY --chown=node --from=builder /usr/src/app/dist ./dist
+
+RUN --mount=type=cache,sharing=locked,uid=1000,gid=1000,target=/tmp/.yarn \
+    YARN_CACHE_FOLDER=/tmp/.yarn yarn workspaces focus --all --production
+
+CMD  ["node", "dist/main.js"]

docker/README.md

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+<!--
+SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 The HedgeDoc developers (see AUTHORS file)
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0
+-->
+
+# Using HedgeDoc with Docker
+
+**Important:** This README does **not** refer to HedgeDoc 1. For setting up HedgeDoc 1 with Docker, see https://docs.hedgedoc.org/setup/docker/.
+
+The `Dockerfile` in this repo uses multiple stages and can be used to create both images for development
+and images with only production dependencies.
+It uses features which are only available in BuildKit - see https://docs.docker.com/go/buildkit/ for more information.
+
+## Build a production image
+**Note:** This does not include any frontend!
+
+To build a production image, run the following command *from the root of the repository*:  
+`docker build -t hedgedoc-prod -f docker/Dockerfile .`
+
+When you run the image, you need to provide environment variables to configure HedgeDoc.
+See [the config docs](../docs/content/config/index.md) for more information.
+This example starts HedgeDoc on localhost, with non-persistent storage:  
+`docker run -e HD_DOMAIN=http://localhost -e HD_MEDIA_BACKEND=filesystem -e HD_MEDIA_BACKEND_FILESYSTEM_UPLOAD_PATH=uploads -e HD_DATABASE_DIALECT=sqlite -e HD_DATABASE_STORAGE=hedgedoc.sqlite -e HD_SESSION_SECRET=foobar -e HD_LOGLEVEL=debug -p 3000:3000 hedgedoc-prod`
+
+
+## Build a development image
+You can build a development image using the `development` target:  
+`docker build -t hedgedoc-dev -f docker/Dockerfile --target development .`
+
+You can then, e.g. run tests inside the image:  
+`docker run hedgedoc-dev yarn run test:e2e`