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149 lines
4.9 KiB
HTML
149 lines
4.9 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<meta name="author" content="Fredrik Danielsson, http://lostkeys.se">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>Brandon Rozek</title>
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<body>
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Home
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Courses
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Lab Aide
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Presentations
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Research
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Transcript
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<main class="main-content">
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<article class="article">
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<h1>Lecture for February 8th</h1>
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<h2>Switch Statements</h2>
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<p>Another way to perform multiway branching. Comparing a variable and constant values (<code>String</code>, <code>int</code>, <code>char</code>)</p>
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<p>Switch statements cannot be used with <code>boolean</code>, <code>double</code>, or <code>float</code>s</p>
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<h3>Syntax</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-java">switch (variable) {
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case value1:
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// Do something
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break;
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case value2:
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// Do something else
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break;
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//...
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default:
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// If all else fails do this
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break;
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}</code></pre>
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<p><code>case</code> is a reserved word that means "when our variable in consideration is equal to..."</p>
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<p>If you forget the <code>break</code> keyword, then the program will keep doing the work of all the statements until it hits a <code>break</code> keyword.</p>
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<h3>Example Switch Syntax</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-java">switch (birthday) {
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case 1:
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birthstone = "garnet";
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break;
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case 2:
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birthstone = "amethyst";
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break;
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// ....
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default:
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System.out.println("Not valid");
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break;
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}</code></pre>
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<h2>Comparing Strings Relationally</h2>
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<p>Comparing strings are based on the ASCII value of characters</p>
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<p>Sorting strings will result in strings being in alphabetical or reverse alphabetical order. The values of the strings are compared character by character from the left with each ASCII value.</p>
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<p>To compare strings use the <code>compareTo()</code> method. Here is the format of the call</p>
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<pre><code class="language-java">str1.compareTo(str2)</code></pre>
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<p>This returns a <em>negative number</em> when <code>str1</code> is less than <code>str2</code></p>
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<p>This returns <code>0</code> when <code>str1</code> is equal to <code>str1</code></p>
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<p>This returns a <em>positive number</em> when <code>str1</code> is greater than <code>str2</code></p>
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<h3>Example</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-java">String a = "apple";
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String b = "banana";
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int x = a.compareTo(b); // x = -1
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int y = b.compareTo(a); // y = 1</code></pre>
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<h2>Ternary Operator</h2>
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<p>With a ternary operator, you can shorten statements where a value is determined by an if statement</p>
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<pre><code class="language-java">String output = "";
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if (movieRating > 4) {
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output = "Fan favorite";
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} else {
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output = "Alright";
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}</code></pre>
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<p>Is equivalent to</p>
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<pre><code class="language-java">String output = "";
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output = (movieRating > 4)? "Fan favorite": "Alright";</code></pre>
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<h3>Another Example</h3>
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<pre><code class="language-java">double shipping;
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if (isPrimeMember) {
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shipping = 0;
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} else {
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shipping = 3.99;
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}</code></pre>
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<p>Is equivalent to</p>
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<pre><code class="language-java">double shipping = (isPrimeMember)? 0: 3.99;</code></pre>
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